Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 518-527.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2025.03.001
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Pharmacological effect and possible mechanism of Mudan Huaban recipe (牡丹化斑方) on melasma in mice induced by ultraviolet B and progesterone
LIU Xiaoyao1,2(
), LI Jialin3(), WANG Weiling4, FAN Qiongyin5, SU Zeqi6,7, HE Cheng5, WANG Chunguo6, GAO Jian7(), WANG Ting6,7()
- 1 School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
2 School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
3 School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
4 Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
5 Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
6 Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
7 Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors and Famous Prescriptions Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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Received:2024-03-23Accepted:2024-07-12Online:2025-06-15Published:2025-05-21 -
Contact:GAO Jian, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China. gaojian_5643@163.com;Prof. WANG Ting, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China. wangting1973@sina.com,Telephone: + 86-17812008206; + 86-18435165526 -
Supported by:Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Transversal Project: "Internal and External" Product and Technology Development for Herbal Acne and Blemish Removal(2019110031001241);Youth Project Under the National Natural Science Foundation of China: Revealing the Scientific Connotation of Tongfu Chinese Herb Rhubarb in Treating Ischemic Stroke from the Perspective of "Intestinal Tryptophan Metabolism and Central Microglia Polarisation"(82104440)
Cite this article
LIU Xiaoyao, LI Jialin, WANG Weiling, FAN Qiongyin, SU Zeqi, HE Cheng, WANG Chunguo, GAO Jian, WANG Ting. Pharmacological effect and possible mechanism of Mudan Huaban recipe (牡丹化斑方) on melasma in mice induced by ultraviolet B and progesterone[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025, 45(3): 518-527.
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Figure 1 Pharmacodynamic results of MHR on the melasma model mice induced by UVB and progesterone A: observation of skin surface of mice ear; A1: Control; A2: Model; A3: L-MHR; A4: M-MHR; A5: H-MHR; A6: VE + VC; A7: TA. B: typical Fontana-Masson staining images of the epidermal basal layer of ear skin with 40× magnification, scale bar = 50 μm (melanin granules are indicated by blue arrows); B1: Control; B2: Model; B3: L-MHR; B4: M-MHR; B5: H-MHR; B6: VE + VC; B7: TA. C: Statistical results of the mean optical density values of the melanin-positive target area in the ear skin tissue. Control: the mice were injected with saline and treated with animal drinking water; Model: the mice were subjected to progesterone (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly daily and subjected to UV irradiation on alternate days for 21 d to induce a melasma model, and treated with animal drinking water for 30 d; L-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with low dose (2 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; M-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with medium dose (4 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; H-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with high dose (8 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; VE + VC: melasma model mice were treated with vitamin E and C granules solution (0.12 g/kg) for 30 d; TA: melasma model mice were treated with tranexamic acid tablet solution (0.1 g/kg) for 30 d. MHR: Mudan Huaban recipe; VE + VC: vitamin E and C; TA: tranexamic acid; IOD: integrated option density. UVB: ultraviolet B. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Values are represented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 8. Significant difference versus control: aP < 0.01; significant difference versus model: bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
Figure 1 Pharmacodynamic results of MHR on the melasma model mice induced by UVB and progesterone A: observation of skin surface of mice ear; A1: Control; A2: Model; A3: L-MHR; A4: M-MHR; A5: H-MHR; A6: VE + VC; A7: TA. B: typical Fontana-Masson staining images of the epidermal basal layer of ear skin with 40× magnification, scale bar = 50 μm (melanin granules are indicated by blue arrows); B1: Control; B2: Model; B3: L-MHR; B4: M-MHR; B5: H-MHR; B6: VE + VC; B7: TA. C: Statistical results of the mean optical density values of the melanin-positive target area in the ear skin tissue. Control: the mice were injected with saline and treated with animal drinking water; Model: the mice were subjected to progesterone (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly daily and subjected to UV irradiation on alternate days for 21 d to induce a melasma model, and treated with animal drinking water for 30 d; L-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with low dose (2 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; M-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with medium dose (4 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; H-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with high dose (8 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; VE + VC: melasma model mice were treated with vitamin E and C granules solution (0.12 g/kg) for 30 d; TA: melasma model mice were treated with tranexamic acid tablet solution (0.1 g/kg) for 30 d. MHR: Mudan Huaban recipe; VE + VC: vitamin E and C; TA: tranexamic acid; IOD: integrated option density. UVB: ultraviolet B. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Values are represented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 8. Significant difference versus control: aP < 0.01; significant difference versus model: bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
Figure 2 MHR administration improved the sex hormone levels and oxidative stress in melasma model mice A: LH content of mice serum; B: FSH content of mice serum; C: E2 content of mice serum; D: SOD activity of dorsal skin tissues in mice; E: MDA content of dorsal skin tissues in mice. Control: the mice were injected with saline and treated with animal drinking water; Model: the mice were subjected to progesterone (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly daily and subjected to UV irradiation on alternate days for 21 d to induce a melasma model, and treated with animal drinking water for 30 d; L-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with low dose (2 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; M-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with medium dose (4 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; H-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with high dose (8 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; VE + VC: melasma model mice were treated with vitamin E and C granules solution (0.12 g/kg) for 30 d; TA: melasma model mice were treated with tranexamic acid tablet solution (0.1 g/kg) for 30 d. MHR: Mudan Huaban recipe; VE + VC: vitamin E and C; TA: tranexamic acid; UV: ultraviolet; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; E2: estradiol; SOD: superoxide dismutase; MDA: malonic dialdehyde. Statistical analysis was conducted using a one-way analysis of variance when the data were normally distributed and a non-parametric test when the data were not normally distributed. Values are represented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 5-10. Significant difference versus control: aP < 0.01. Significant difference versus model: bP < 0.01, cP < 0.05.
Figure 2 MHR administration improved the sex hormone levels and oxidative stress in melasma model mice A: LH content of mice serum; B: FSH content of mice serum; C: E2 content of mice serum; D: SOD activity of dorsal skin tissues in mice; E: MDA content of dorsal skin tissues in mice. Control: the mice were injected with saline and treated with animal drinking water; Model: the mice were subjected to progesterone (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly daily and subjected to UV irradiation on alternate days for 21 d to induce a melasma model, and treated with animal drinking water for 30 d; L-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with low dose (2 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; M-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with medium dose (4 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; H-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with high dose (8 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; VE + VC: melasma model mice were treated with vitamin E and C granules solution (0.12 g/kg) for 30 d; TA: melasma model mice were treated with tranexamic acid tablet solution (0.1 g/kg) for 30 d. MHR: Mudan Huaban recipe; VE + VC: vitamin E and C; TA: tranexamic acid; UV: ultraviolet; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; E2: estradiol; SOD: superoxide dismutase; MDA: malonic dialdehyde. Statistical analysis was conducted using a one-way analysis of variance when the data were normally distributed and a non-parametric test when the data were not normally distributed. Values are represented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 5-10. Significant difference versus control: aP < 0.01. Significant difference versus model: bP < 0.01, cP < 0.05.
Figure 3 MHR regulated the expressions of melanogenesis-related enzyme and proteins in melasma mice A: immunohistochemistry staining of the ear skin tissues with 40 × magnification, scale bar = 50 μm; A1-A5: control group of tyrosinase (A1), TRP-1 (A2), TRP-2 (A3), MITF (A4) and CREB (A5); A6-A10: Model group of tyrosinase (A6), TRP-1 (A7), TRP-2 (A8), MITF (A9) and CREB (A10); A11-A15: L-MHR group of tyrosinase (A11), TRP-1 (A12), TRP-2 (A13), MITF (A14) and CREB (A15); A16-A20: M-MHR group of tyrosinase (A16), TRP-1 (A17), TRP-2 (A18), MITF (A19) and CREB (A20); A21-A25: H-MHR group of tyrosinase (A21), TRP-1 (A22), TRP-2 (A23), MITF (A24) and CREB (A25); A26-A30: VE + VC group of tyrosinase (A26), TRP-1 (A27), TRP-2 (A28), MITF (A29) and CREB (A30); A31-A35: TA group of tyrosinase (A31), TRP-1 (A32), TRP-2 (A33), MITF (A34) and CREB (A35). B-F: Statistical results of the mean optical density values of the positive areas for tyrosinase (B), TRP-1 (C), TRP-2 (D), MITF (E) and CREB (F) in the ear skin tissue. Control: the mice were injected with saline and treated with animal drinking water; Model: the mice were subjected to progesterone (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly daily and subjected to UV irradiation on alternate days for 21 d to induce a melasma model, and treated with animal drinking water for 30 d; L-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with low dose (2 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; M-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with medium dose (4 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; H-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with high dose (8 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; VE + VC: melasma model mice were treated with vitamin E and C granules solution (0.12 g/kg) for 30 d; TA: melasma model mice were treated with tranexamic acid tablet solution (0.1 g/kg) for 30 d. MHR: Mudan Huaban recipe; VE + VC: vitamin E and C; TA: tranexamic acid; IOD: integrated option density; UV: ultraviolet; TRP-1: tyrosinase-related proteins-1; TRP-2: tyrosinase-related proteins-2; MITF: microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; CREB: cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein; Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Values are represented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 5. Significant difference versus control: aP < 0.01, dP < 0.05. Significant difference versus model: bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
Figure 3 MHR regulated the expressions of melanogenesis-related enzyme and proteins in melasma mice A: immunohistochemistry staining of the ear skin tissues with 40 × magnification, scale bar = 50 μm; A1-A5: control group of tyrosinase (A1), TRP-1 (A2), TRP-2 (A3), MITF (A4) and CREB (A5); A6-A10: Model group of tyrosinase (A6), TRP-1 (A7), TRP-2 (A8), MITF (A9) and CREB (A10); A11-A15: L-MHR group of tyrosinase (A11), TRP-1 (A12), TRP-2 (A13), MITF (A14) and CREB (A15); A16-A20: M-MHR group of tyrosinase (A16), TRP-1 (A17), TRP-2 (A18), MITF (A19) and CREB (A20); A21-A25: H-MHR group of tyrosinase (A21), TRP-1 (A22), TRP-2 (A23), MITF (A24) and CREB (A25); A26-A30: VE + VC group of tyrosinase (A26), TRP-1 (A27), TRP-2 (A28), MITF (A29) and CREB (A30); A31-A35: TA group of tyrosinase (A31), TRP-1 (A32), TRP-2 (A33), MITF (A34) and CREB (A35). B-F: Statistical results of the mean optical density values of the positive areas for tyrosinase (B), TRP-1 (C), TRP-2 (D), MITF (E) and CREB (F) in the ear skin tissue. Control: the mice were injected with saline and treated with animal drinking water; Model: the mice were subjected to progesterone (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly daily and subjected to UV irradiation on alternate days for 21 d to induce a melasma model, and treated with animal drinking water for 30 d; L-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with low dose (2 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; M-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with medium dose (4 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; H-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with high dose (8 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; VE + VC: melasma model mice were treated with vitamin E and C granules solution (0.12 g/kg) for 30 d; TA: melasma model mice were treated with tranexamic acid tablet solution (0.1 g/kg) for 30 d. MHR: Mudan Huaban recipe; VE + VC: vitamin E and C; TA: tranexamic acid; IOD: integrated option density; UV: ultraviolet; TRP-1: tyrosinase-related proteins-1; TRP-2: tyrosinase-related proteins-2; MITF: microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; CREB: cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein; Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Values are represented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 5. Significant difference versus control: aP < 0.01, dP < 0.05. Significant difference versus model: bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
Figure 4 Effect of MHR on the protein expression of tyrosinase, MITF, CREB, and p-CREB in ear skin tissues by Western blot A: representative Western blot image of tyrosinase, MITF, CREB, and p-CREB; B: relative expression level of tyrosinase; C: relative expression level of MITF; D: relative expression level of CREB; E: Relative expression level of p-CREB. Control: the mice were injected with saline and treated with animal drinking water; Model: the mice were subjected to progesterone (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly daily and subjected to UV irradiation on alternate days for 21 d to induce a melasma model, and treated with animal drinking water for 30 d; L-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with low dose (2 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; M-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with medium dose (4 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; H-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with high dose (8 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; VE + VC: melasma model mice were treated with vitamin E and C granules solution (0.12 g/kg) for 30 d; TA: melasma model mice were treated with tranexamic acid tablet solution (0.1 g/kg) for 30 d. MHR: Mudan Huaban recipe; VE + VC: vitamin E and C; TA: tranexamic acid; UV: ultraviolet; MITF: microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; CREB: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein; p-CREB: phosphorylation of CREB. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Values are represented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 3. Significant difference versus control: aP < 0.05. Significant difference versus model: bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
Figure 4 Effect of MHR on the protein expression of tyrosinase, MITF, CREB, and p-CREB in ear skin tissues by Western blot A: representative Western blot image of tyrosinase, MITF, CREB, and p-CREB; B: relative expression level of tyrosinase; C: relative expression level of MITF; D: relative expression level of CREB; E: Relative expression level of p-CREB. Control: the mice were injected with saline and treated with animal drinking water; Model: the mice were subjected to progesterone (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly daily and subjected to UV irradiation on alternate days for 21 d to induce a melasma model, and treated with animal drinking water for 30 d; L-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with low dose (2 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; M-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with medium dose (4 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; H-MHR: melasma model mice were treated with high dose (8 g/kg) of MHR for 30 d; VE + VC: melasma model mice were treated with vitamin E and C granules solution (0.12 g/kg) for 30 d; TA: melasma model mice were treated with tranexamic acid tablet solution (0.1 g/kg) for 30 d. MHR: Mudan Huaban recipe; VE + VC: vitamin E and C; TA: tranexamic acid; UV: ultraviolet; MITF: microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; CREB: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein; p-CREB: phosphorylation of CREB. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Values are represented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 3. Significant difference versus control: aP < 0.05. Significant difference versus model: bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
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