Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 925-933.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230727.002
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Potential protective effects of the water-soluble Chinese propolis on experimental ulcerative colitis
ZHOU Hua1(
), LI Hui2, WANG Haihua2()
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei 230601, China
2 Department of Physiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
-
Received:2022-06-12Accepted:2022-09-24Online:2023-10-15Published:2023-06-27 -
Contact:ZHOU Hua, Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei 230601, China.zhouhua@ahyz.edu.cn ; Prof. WANG Haihua, Department of Physiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.840099827@qq.com . Telephone: +86-13905605694 -
Supported by:Natural Science Foundation-funded Project of Anhui Province: Effects and Mechanism of Water-Soluble Propolis on DSS-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis in Rats(KJ2020A0860);Wang Jianhua Research and Innovation Team of Anhui Medical College: Water-Soluble Propolis Improves Ulcerative Colitis by Targeting NF-κB/FoxO3α Signaling Pathway(WJH202009t)
Cite this article
ZHOU Hua, LI Hui, WANG Haihua. Potential protective effects of the water-soluble Chinese propolis on experimental ulcerative colitis[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2023, 43(5): 925-933.
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Table 1 Disease activity index scoring criteria
| Score | Weight loss (%) | Stool traits | Occult blood |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | <1 | normal | (-) |
| 1 | ≥1 - ≤5 | Between normal and loose stools | (+) |
| 2 | >5 - ≤10 | Loose stools | (++) |
| 3 | >10 - ≤15 | between loose stools and diarrhea | (+++) |
| 4 | >15 | diarrhea | gross bloody stool |
Table 1 Disease activity index scoring criteria
| Score | Weight loss (%) | Stool traits | Occult blood |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | <1 | normal | (-) |
| 1 | ≥1 - ≤5 | Between normal and loose stools | (+) |
| 2 | >5 - ≤10 | Loose stools | (++) |
| 3 | >10 - ≤15 | between loose stools and diarrhea | (+++) |
| 4 | >15 | diarrhea | gross bloody stool |
Table 2 Colonic mucosal damage index scoring standard
| Score | Macroscopic observation of colonic mucosa |
|---|---|
| 0 | Normal colon (no damage) |
| 1 | Mild congestion, no ulcers |
| 2 | Ulcers or small areas of inflammation with flashpoints, congestion and edema |
| 3 | Large areas of inflammation and ulcers < 1 cm |
| 4 | Extensive tissue damage and > 1cm extension |
Table 2 Colonic mucosal damage index scoring standard
| Score | Macroscopic observation of colonic mucosa |
|---|---|
| 0 | Normal colon (no damage) |
| 1 | Mild congestion, no ulcers |
| 2 | Ulcers or small areas of inflammation with flashpoints, congestion and edema |
| 3 | Large areas of inflammation and ulcers < 1 cm |
| 4 | Extensive tissue damage and > 1cm extension |
Table 3 Histological colitis scoring system
| Score | Histological changes |
|---|---|
| 0 | Normal histology |
| 1 | Histological damage limited to endothelial cells with mild inflammatory cell infiltration |
| 2 | Focal ulceration, histological destruction limited to the mucosal layer, abnormal glandular structure of the intestinal wall, mild inflammatory cell infiltration |
| 3 | Focal, transmural ulceration and inflammation, with mild to moderate inflammatory cell infiltration |
| 4 | Large transmural ulceration and inflammation, moderate inflammatory cell infiltration |
| 5 | Large ulcers and inflammation, lesions extending from mucosa to serosa, severe inflammatory cell infiltration |
Table 3 Histological colitis scoring system
| Score | Histological changes |
|---|---|
| 0 | Normal histology |
| 1 | Histological damage limited to endothelial cells with mild inflammatory cell infiltration |
| 2 | Focal ulceration, histological destruction limited to the mucosal layer, abnormal glandular structure of the intestinal wall, mild inflammatory cell infiltration |
| 3 | Focal, transmural ulceration and inflammation, with mild to moderate inflammatory cell infiltration |
| 4 | Large transmural ulceration and inflammation, moderate inflammatory cell infiltration |
| 5 | Large ulcers and inflammation, lesions extending from mucosa to serosa, severe inflammatory cell infiltration |
Figure 1 Effects of WSP on weight loss, DAI score, colon length, CMDI socre and colon W/L ratio over the whole experimental period A: weight loss; B: DAI score; C-D: colon length; E: CMDI socre; F: colon W/L ratio. CON: control group; UC: ulcerative colitis group; L-WSP: low-dose water-soluble propolis group (50 mg·kg-1·d-1); M-WSP: medium-dose water-soluble propolis group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1); H-WSP: high-dose water-soluble propolis group (200 mg·kg-1·d-1); Sulfa: sulfasalazine group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1). The drug was administered by gavage once a day for 16 d. DAI: disease activity index; CMDI: colonic mucosal damage index; colon W/L: colon weigh (g) / colon length (cm). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). Compared to CON group, aP < 0.01, cP < 0.05; compared to UC group, bP < 0.01, dP < 0.05.
Figure 1 Effects of WSP on weight loss, DAI score, colon length, CMDI socre and colon W/L ratio over the whole experimental period A: weight loss; B: DAI score; C-D: colon length; E: CMDI socre; F: colon W/L ratio. CON: control group; UC: ulcerative colitis group; L-WSP: low-dose water-soluble propolis group (50 mg·kg-1·d-1); M-WSP: medium-dose water-soluble propolis group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1); H-WSP: high-dose water-soluble propolis group (200 mg·kg-1·d-1); Sulfa: sulfasalazine group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1). The drug was administered by gavage once a day for 16 d. DAI: disease activity index; CMDI: colonic mucosal damage index; colon W/L: colon weigh (g) / colon length (cm). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). Compared to CON group, aP < 0.01, cP < 0.05; compared to UC group, bP < 0.01, dP < 0.05.
Figure 2 Effects of WSP on microscopic changes in colon tissue of rats in each group A: representative images of microscopic appearance colon slices with HE staining of all groups, magnification × 40; A1: CON; A2: UC; A3: L-WSP; A4: M-WSP; A5: H-WSP; A6: Sulfa; B: Score of histological changes. CON: control group; UC: ulcerative coloits group; L-WSP: low-dose water-soluble propolis group (50 mg·kg-1·d-1); M-WSP: medium-dose water-soluble propolis group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1); H-WSP: high-dose water-soluble propolis group (200 mg·kg-1·d-1); Sulfa: sulfasalazine group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1). The drug was administered by gavage once a day for 16 d. HS: histological score. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). Compared to CON group, aP < 0.01; compared to UC group, bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
Figure 2 Effects of WSP on microscopic changes in colon tissue of rats in each group A: representative images of microscopic appearance colon slices with HE staining of all groups, magnification × 40; A1: CON; A2: UC; A3: L-WSP; A4: M-WSP; A5: H-WSP; A6: Sulfa; B: Score of histological changes. CON: control group; UC: ulcerative coloits group; L-WSP: low-dose water-soluble propolis group (50 mg·kg-1·d-1); M-WSP: medium-dose water-soluble propolis group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1); H-WSP: high-dose water-soluble propolis group (200 mg·kg-1·d-1); Sulfa: sulfasalazine group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1). The drug was administered by gavage once a day for 16 d. HS: histological score. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). Compared to CON group, aP < 0.01; compared to UC group, bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
Figure 3 Effects of WSP on the colonic inflammatory response in UC rats A: MPO levels in colon tissue homogenate; B: TNF-α levels in colon tissue homogenate; C: IL-6 levels in colon tissue homogenate; D: IL-9 levels in colon tissue homogenate. CON: control group; UC: ulcerative colitis group; L-WSP: low-dose water-soluble propolis group (50 mg·kg-1·d-1); M-WSP: medium-dose water-soluble propolis group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1); H-WSP: high-dose water-soluble propolis group (200 mg·kg-1·d-1); Sulfa: sulfasalazine group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1). The drug was administered by gavage once a day for 16 d. MPO: myeloperoxidase; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-9: interleukin-9. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). Compared to CON group, aP < 0.01; compared to UC group, bP < 0.01.
Figure 3 Effects of WSP on the colonic inflammatory response in UC rats A: MPO levels in colon tissue homogenate; B: TNF-α levels in colon tissue homogenate; C: IL-6 levels in colon tissue homogenate; D: IL-9 levels in colon tissue homogenate. CON: control group; UC: ulcerative colitis group; L-WSP: low-dose water-soluble propolis group (50 mg·kg-1·d-1); M-WSP: medium-dose water-soluble propolis group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1); H-WSP: high-dose water-soluble propolis group (200 mg·kg-1·d-1); Sulfa: sulfasalazine group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1). The drug was administered by gavage once a day for 16 d. MPO: myeloperoxidase; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-9: interleukin-9. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). Compared to CON group, aP < 0.01; compared to UC group, bP < 0.01.
Figure 4 Effects of WSP on the SOD, GHS-Px, MDA and ROS contents in the colon tissue of rats in each group A: SOD contents in colon tissue homogenate; B: GSH-Px contents in colon tissue homogenate; C: MDA contents in colon tissue homogenate; D: ROS contents in colon tissue homogenate. CON: control group; UC: ulcerative colitis group; L-WSP: low-dose water-soluble propolis group (50 mg·kg-1·d-1); M-WSP: medium-dose water-soluble propolis group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1); H-WSP: high-dose water-soluble propolis group (200 mg·kg-1·d-1); Sulfa: sulfasalazine group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1). The drug was administered by gavage once a day for 16 d. SOD: superoxide dismutase; GSH-Px: glutathione peroxidase; MDA: malondialdehyde; ROS: reactive oxygen species. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). Compared to CON group, aP < 0.01; compared to UC group, bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
Figure 4 Effects of WSP on the SOD, GHS-Px, MDA and ROS contents in the colon tissue of rats in each group A: SOD contents in colon tissue homogenate; B: GSH-Px contents in colon tissue homogenate; C: MDA contents in colon tissue homogenate; D: ROS contents in colon tissue homogenate. CON: control group; UC: ulcerative colitis group; L-WSP: low-dose water-soluble propolis group (50 mg·kg-1·d-1); M-WSP: medium-dose water-soluble propolis group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1); H-WSP: high-dose water-soluble propolis group (200 mg·kg-1·d-1); Sulfa: sulfasalazine group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1). The drug was administered by gavage once a day for 16 d. SOD: superoxide dismutase; GSH-Px: glutathione peroxidase; MDA: malondialdehyde; ROS: reactive oxygen species. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). Compared to CON group, aP < 0.01; compared to UC group, bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
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