Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 804-812.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2024.04.001
• Original articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
Zubaria Tul Ain1, Iram Fatima1, Sana Naseer1, Sobia Kanwal2, Tariq Mahmood3,4()
Received:
2022-12-02
Accepted:
2023-04-07
Online:
2024-08-15
Published:
2024-07-15
Contact:
Tariq Mahmood, Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad 04403, Pakistan. Zubaria Tul Ain, Iram Fatima, Sana Naseer, Sobia Kanwal, Tariq Mahmood. Assessment of phytochemicals, antioxidant, anti-hemolytic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer potential of flowers, leaves and stem extracts of Rosa arvensis[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(4): 804-812.
Phytochemical | Flower extract | Leaves extract | Stem extract | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Methanol | Chloroform | Methanol | Chloroform | Methanol | Chloroform | |
Phenols | +++ | ++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | ++ |
Flavonoids | ++ | + | + | ++ | + | + |
Alkaloids | ++ | +++ | + | +++ | ++ | +++ |
Terpenoids | ++ | - | + | + | ++ | - |
Saponins | + | ++ | + | ++ | + | ++ |
Tannins | ++ | + | + | + | +++ | + |
Cardiac glycoside | - | ++ | - | +++ | - | ++ |
Steroids | +++ | ++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | ++ |
Glycosides | ++ | ++ | - | + | + | - |
Phytosterols | + | +++ | + | +++ | ++ | +++ |
Coumarins | +++ | + | ++ | +++ | +++ | ++ |
Proteins | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | + | +++ |
Carbohydrates | - | + | - | + | - | + |
Anthocyanin | - | + | - | - | - | - |
β-cyanin | + | - | + | ++ | +++ | ++ |
Anthraquinon | + | - | + | - | ++ | - |
Fats and oils | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Quinone | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | ++ |
Emodins | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Phylobatanins | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Table 1 Determination of various secondary metabolites in Rosa arvensis extracts
Phytochemical | Flower extract | Leaves extract | Stem extract | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Methanol | Chloroform | Methanol | Chloroform | Methanol | Chloroform | |
Phenols | +++ | ++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | ++ |
Flavonoids | ++ | + | + | ++ | + | + |
Alkaloids | ++ | +++ | + | +++ | ++ | +++ |
Terpenoids | ++ | - | + | + | ++ | - |
Saponins | + | ++ | + | ++ | + | ++ |
Tannins | ++ | + | + | + | +++ | + |
Cardiac glycoside | - | ++ | - | +++ | - | ++ |
Steroids | +++ | ++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | ++ |
Glycosides | ++ | ++ | - | + | + | - |
Phytosterols | + | +++ | + | +++ | ++ | +++ |
Coumarins | +++ | + | ++ | +++ | +++ | ++ |
Proteins | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | + | +++ |
Carbohydrates | - | + | - | + | - | + |
Anthocyanin | - | + | - | - | - | - |
β-cyanin | + | - | + | ++ | +++ | ++ |
Anthraquinon | + | - | + | - | ++ | - |
Fats and oils | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
Quinone | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | ++ |
Emodins | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Phylobatanins | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Plant crude extract | TPC (Gallic Acid Eq. mg/g) | TFC (Quercetin Eq. mg/g) |
---|---|---|
RAFM | 151.632±0. 005 | 107.091±0.032 |
RAFC | 48.663±0.007 | 68.351±0.018 |
RALM | 132.332±0.008 | 71.561±0.031 |
RALC | 81.792±0.005 | 108.244±0.004 |
RASM | 95.609±0.012 | 66.653±0.011 |
RASC | 63.134±0.001 | 60.293±0.013 |
Table 2 Quantitative phytochemical analysis of R. arvensis flowers, leaves and stem extracts
Plant crude extract | TPC (Gallic Acid Eq. mg/g) | TFC (Quercetin Eq. mg/g) |
---|---|---|
RAFM | 151.632±0. 005 | 107.091±0.032 |
RAFC | 48.663±0.007 | 68.351±0.018 |
RALM | 132.332±0.008 | 71.561±0.031 |
RALC | 81.792±0.005 | 108.244±0.004 |
RASM | 95.609±0.012 | 66.653±0.011 |
RASC | 63.134±0.001 | 60.293±0.013 |
Figure 2 TAC and TRP of selected Rosa arvensis extracts A: TAC of methanol extracts; B: TAC of chloroform extracts; C: TRP of methanol extracts; D: TRP of chloroform extracts. RAFM: Rosa arvensis flower methanolic extract; RALM: Rosa arvensis leaf methanolic extract; RASM: Rosa arvensis stem methanolic extract; RAFC: Rosa arvensis flower chloroform extract; RALC: Rosa arvensis leaf chloroform extract; RASC: Rosa arvensis stem chloroform extract. The results were stated as a mean ± standard deviation (n = 3).
Figure 3 Anti-hemolytic and antibacterial activity of selected plant extracts A: Antihemolytic activity of methanolic extracts; B: Antihemolytic activity of chloroform extracts; C: Antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts; D: Antibacterial activity of chloroform extracts. RAFM: Rosa arvensis flower methanolic extract; RALM: Rosa arvensis leaf methanolic extract; RASM: Rosa arvensis stem methanolic extract; RAFC: Rosa arvensis flower chloroform extract; RALC: Rosa arvensis leaf chloroform extract; RASC: Rosa arvensis stem chloroform extract. The results were stated as a mean ± standard deviation (n = 3).
Figure 4 Phytotoxicity analysis of Rosa arvensis extracts using different parameters of radish A: shoot length in methanolic extracts; B: shoot length in chloroform extracts; C: root length in methanolic extracts; D: root length in chloroform extracts; E: percentage seed germination in methanolic extracts; F: percentage seed germination in chloroform extracts. RAFM: Rosa arvensis flower methanolic extract; RALM: Rosa arvensis leaf methanolic extract; RASM: Rosa arvensis stem methanolic extract; RAFC: Rosa arvensis flower chloroform extract; RALC: Rosa arvensis leaf chloroform extract; RASC: Rosa arvensis stem chloroform extract.
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