Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 796-805.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2025.04.010
• Original Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
Mechanism of electroacupuncture involve in lens-induced myopia guinea pigs by inhibiting wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
ZHAO Ping1, HE Xingbo1, HAN Xudong2, CHEN Xinyue1, LI Zhanglong1, SONG Jike1, XING Wenjia1, WU Jiangfeng1, GUO Bin1(
), BI Hongsheng1()
- 1 Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
2 College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong 250021, China
-
Received:2024-05-22Accepted:2024-11-25Online:2025-08-15Published:2025-07-25 -
Contact:GUO Bin,BI Hongsheng -
About author:BI Hongsheng, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China, Hongshengbi@126.com,Telephone: + 86-531-58859697
GUO Bin, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China, guobin@sdutcm.edu.cn;
-
Supported by:National Natural Youth Science Foundation: Research on the Mechanism of Acupuncture in Modulating the Inflammatory Microenvironment via the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor (mAChR1) Signaling Pathway for Myopia Intervention(82205198);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project: Research on the Mechanism of Acupuncture in Modulating the Inflammatory Microenvironment via the mAChR1 Signaling Pathway for Myopia Intervention(2022M711984);Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation General Program: to Investigate the Underlying Mechanism of Acupuncture in Treating Myopia Associated eith Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome through the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors (M-AChRs) Signaling Pathway(ZR2020MH393);Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province: Research on the Mechanism of Electroacupuncture in Treating Myopia with "Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome" through the M-AChRs/Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Signaling Pathway(202101012);China Postdoctoral Foundation General Program: to Investigate the Underlying Mechanism of Acupuncture in Treating Myopia Associated with Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome through the M-AChRs Signaling Pathway(2020M672127);National Natural Science Foundation: Research on the Influence of Acupuncture on the Accommodative Function and Visual Cortex Functional Network of Myopia and its Mechanism(82074498);National Key R & D Project: National Key Research and Development Program "Basic Research on High Myopia"(2019YFC1710200);National Natural Science Foundation of China: Research on the Relationship between Lens-Induced Myopia based on Omics Technology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types and its Molecular Mechanism(82474579)
Cite this article
ZHAO Ping, HE Xingbo, HAN Xudong, CHEN Xinyue, LI Zhanglong, SONG Jike, XING Wenjia, WU Jiangfeng, GUO Bin, BI Hongsheng. Mechanism of electroacupuncture involve in lens-induced myopia guinea pigs by inhibiting wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025, 45(4): 796-805.
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Table 1 Ocular refraction difference before and after modeling in each group of guinea pigs (D, $\bar{x} \pm s$)
| Group | n | 0 w | 1 w | 2 w | 3 w | 4 w | 5 w | 6 w | 7 w | 8 w |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | 20 | 4.89±0.63 | 1.72±0.47 | 0.97±1.27 | 0.17±1.39 | -0.88±0.94 | -0.39±0.47 | 0.33±0.70 | -0.31±2.36 | 0.00±0.35 |
| LIM | 20 | 3.44±2.34 | -1.53±3.31a | -3.06±1.60a | -4.84±1.45a | -5.56±1.54a | -6.72±1.38a | -6.50±1.37a | -8.13±2.32a | -7.57±1.43a |
| LIM + EA | 20 | 3.10±2.73 | -3.90±3.10 | -2.47±1.55 | -3.10±1.87b | -3.00±3.32b | -4.03±1.71b | -4.25±1.84b | -4.50±1.63b | -4.92±2.94b |
Table 1 Ocular refraction difference before and after modeling in each group of guinea pigs (D, $\bar{x} \pm s$)
| Group | n | 0 w | 1 w | 2 w | 3 w | 4 w | 5 w | 6 w | 7 w | 8 w |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | 20 | 4.89±0.63 | 1.72±0.47 | 0.97±1.27 | 0.17±1.39 | -0.88±0.94 | -0.39±0.47 | 0.33±0.70 | -0.31±2.36 | 0.00±0.35 |
| LIM | 20 | 3.44±2.34 | -1.53±3.31a | -3.06±1.60a | -4.84±1.45a | -5.56±1.54a | -6.72±1.38a | -6.50±1.37a | -8.13±2.32a | -7.57±1.43a |
| LIM + EA | 20 | 3.10±2.73 | -3.90±3.10 | -2.47±1.55 | -3.10±1.87b | -3.00±3.32b | -4.03±1.71b | -4.25±1.84b | -4.50±1.63b | -4.92±2.94b |
Table 2 Axial Length difference before and after modelling in each group of guinea pigs (mm, $\bar{x} \pm s$)
| Group | n | 0 w | 1 w | 2 w | 3 w | 4 w | 5 w | 6 w | 7 w | 8 w |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | 10 | 7.93±0.18 | 8.22±0.14 | 8.29±0.18 | 8.41±0.16 | 8.49±0.13 | 8.54±0.15 | 8.62±0.16 | 8.66±0.14 | 8.69±0.14 |
| LIM | 10 | 7.98±0.14 | 8.25±0.13 | 8.40±0.14a | 8.55±0.21a | 8.61±0.12a | 8.70±0.11a | 8.77±0.12a | 8.79±0.08a | 8.84±0.08a |
| LIM + EA | 10 | 7.97±0.12 | 8.20±0.13 | 8.34±0.10b | 8.44±0.12b | 8.54±0.09b | 8.60±0.08b | 8.69±0.09b | 8.71±0.06b | 8.75±0.07b |
Table 2 Axial Length difference before and after modelling in each group of guinea pigs (mm, $\bar{x} \pm s$)
| Group | n | 0 w | 1 w | 2 w | 3 w | 4 w | 5 w | 6 w | 7 w | 8 w |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | 10 | 7.93±0.18 | 8.22±0.14 | 8.29±0.18 | 8.41±0.16 | 8.49±0.13 | 8.54±0.15 | 8.62±0.16 | 8.66±0.14 | 8.69±0.14 |
| LIM | 10 | 7.98±0.14 | 8.25±0.13 | 8.40±0.14a | 8.55±0.21a | 8.61±0.12a | 8.70±0.11a | 8.77±0.12a | 8.79±0.08a | 8.84±0.08a |
| LIM + EA | 10 | 7.97±0.12 | 8.20±0.13 | 8.34±0.10b | 8.44±0.12b | 8.54±0.09b | 8.60±0.08b | 8.69±0.09b | 8.71±0.06b | 8.75±0.07b |
Figure 1 At the 4-week time point, qPCR and ELISA were employed to assess the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2, TIMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-3 in the retina, choroid, sclera and serum A: mRNA expression level of factors in the retina; B: mRNA expression level of factors in the choroid; C: mRNA expression level of factors in the sclera; D: protein expression level in the serum. A1, B1, C1, D1: MMP-2. A2, B2, C2, D2: MMP-3. A3, B3, C3, D3: TIMP-2. A4, B4, C4, D4: TIMP-3. NC: normal control group, both eyes were not intervened for 4 weeks; LIM: lens-induced myopia group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens for 4 weeks; LIM + EA: lens-induced myopia + electroacupuncture group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens and perform electroacupuncture treatment at bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Hegu (LI4) for 4 weeks.; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; MMP: matrix metallopeptidase. TIMP: tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease. Statistical analyses were measured using an independent sample t-test was performed for each group. Data are provided as mean ± standard deviation, qPCR (n = 8), ELISA (n = 3). Compared with the NC group, aP < 0.05; compared with the LIM group, bP < 0.05.
Figure 1 At the 4-week time point, qPCR and ELISA were employed to assess the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2, TIMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-3 in the retina, choroid, sclera and serum A: mRNA expression level of factors in the retina; B: mRNA expression level of factors in the choroid; C: mRNA expression level of factors in the sclera; D: protein expression level in the serum. A1, B1, C1, D1: MMP-2. A2, B2, C2, D2: MMP-3. A3, B3, C3, D3: TIMP-2. A4, B4, C4, D4: TIMP-3. NC: normal control group, both eyes were not intervened for 4 weeks; LIM: lens-induced myopia group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens for 4 weeks; LIM + EA: lens-induced myopia + electroacupuncture group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens and perform electroacupuncture treatment at bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Hegu (LI4) for 4 weeks.; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; MMP: matrix metallopeptidase. TIMP: tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease. Statistical analyses were measured using an independent sample t-test was performed for each group. Data are provided as mean ± standard deviation, qPCR (n = 8), ELISA (n = 3). Compared with the NC group, aP < 0.05; compared with the LIM group, bP < 0.05.
Figure 2 mRNA expression levels of WNT7B, WNT2B, WNT3A, CTNNB1, and DKK1 in the retina, choroid, and sclera were detected by qPCR at four weeks A: mRNA expression level of factors in the retina; B: mRNA expression level of factors in the choroid; C: mRNA expression level of factors in the sclera; A1, B1, C1: WNT2B. A2, B2, C2: WNT3A. A3, B3, C3: WNT7B. A4, B4, C4: CTNNB1. A5, B5, C5, D5: DKK1. NC: normal control group, both eyes were not intervened for 4 weeks; LIM: lens-induced myopia group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens for 4 weeks; LIM + EA: lens-induced myopia + electroacupuncture group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens and perform electroacupuncture treatment at bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Hegu (LI4), parameters for 4 weeks; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; WNT: wingless-related integration site; CTNNB1: beta-catenin 1; DKK1: dickkopf wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1. Statistical analyses were measured using aan independent sample t-test was performed for each group. Data are provided as mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). Compared with the NC group, aP < 0.05; compared with the LIM group, bP < 0.05.
Figure 2 mRNA expression levels of WNT7B, WNT2B, WNT3A, CTNNB1, and DKK1 in the retina, choroid, and sclera were detected by qPCR at four weeks A: mRNA expression level of factors in the retina; B: mRNA expression level of factors in the choroid; C: mRNA expression level of factors in the sclera; A1, B1, C1: WNT2B. A2, B2, C2: WNT3A. A3, B3, C3: WNT7B. A4, B4, C4: CTNNB1. A5, B5, C5, D5: DKK1. NC: normal control group, both eyes were not intervened for 4 weeks; LIM: lens-induced myopia group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens for 4 weeks; LIM + EA: lens-induced myopia + electroacupuncture group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens and perform electroacupuncture treatment at bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Hegu (LI4), parameters for 4 weeks; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; WNT: wingless-related integration site; CTNNB1: beta-catenin 1; DKK1: dickkopf wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1. Statistical analyses were measured using aan independent sample t-test was performed for each group. Data are provided as mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). Compared with the NC group, aP < 0.05; compared with the LIM group, bP < 0.05.
Figure 3 Protein levels of WNT7B, WNT2B, WNT3A, CTNNB1, DKK1 in the retina, choroid, and sclera were measured using WB at the 4-week after the LIM + EA group used the DKK1 inhibitor A1: protein levels of WNT7B/2B/3A, β-catenin and DKK1 in the retina; A2: protein levels of WNT7B/2B/3A, β-catenin and DKK1 in the choroid; A3: protein levels of WNT7B/2B/3A, β-catenin and DKK1 in the sclera; B: band intensity in the retina; C: band intensity in the choroid; D: band intensity in the sclera; B1, C1, D1: WNT2B. B2, C2, D2: WNT3A. B3, C3, D3: WNT7B. B4, C4, D4: β-catenin. B5, C5, D5: DKK1. NC: normal control group, both eyes were not intervened for 4 weeks; LIM: lens-induced myopia group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens for 4 weeks; LIM + EA: lens-induced myopia + electroacupuncture group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens and perform electroacupuncture treatment at bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Hegu (LI4) for 4 weeks; EA + DKK1 inhibitor: electroacupuncture+dickkopf wnt signaling pathway inhibitor injection group, lens-induced myopia + electroacupuncture group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens and perform electroacupuncture treatment at bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Hegu (LI4), 5 μL DKK1 inhibitor was injected into the vitreous cavity of the right eye for 4 weeks; WB: western blot; WNT: wingless-related integration site; CTNNB1: beta-catenin 1; DKK1: dickkopf wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1. Data are provided as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Statistical analyses were measured using an independent sample t-test was performed for each group. Compared with the NC group, aP < 0.05; compared with the LIM group, bP < 0.05.
Figure 3 Protein levels of WNT7B, WNT2B, WNT3A, CTNNB1, DKK1 in the retina, choroid, and sclera were measured using WB at the 4-week after the LIM + EA group used the DKK1 inhibitor A1: protein levels of WNT7B/2B/3A, β-catenin and DKK1 in the retina; A2: protein levels of WNT7B/2B/3A, β-catenin and DKK1 in the choroid; A3: protein levels of WNT7B/2B/3A, β-catenin and DKK1 in the sclera; B: band intensity in the retina; C: band intensity in the choroid; D: band intensity in the sclera; B1, C1, D1: WNT2B. B2, C2, D2: WNT3A. B3, C3, D3: WNT7B. B4, C4, D4: β-catenin. B5, C5, D5: DKK1. NC: normal control group, both eyes were not intervened for 4 weeks; LIM: lens-induced myopia group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens for 4 weeks; LIM + EA: lens-induced myopia + electroacupuncture group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens and perform electroacupuncture treatment at bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Hegu (LI4) for 4 weeks; EA + DKK1 inhibitor: electroacupuncture+dickkopf wnt signaling pathway inhibitor injection group, lens-induced myopia + electroacupuncture group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens and perform electroacupuncture treatment at bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Hegu (LI4), 5 μL DKK1 inhibitor was injected into the vitreous cavity of the right eye for 4 weeks; WB: western blot; WNT: wingless-related integration site; CTNNB1: beta-catenin 1; DKK1: dickkopf wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1. Data are provided as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Statistical analyses were measured using an independent sample t-test was performed for each group. Compared with the NC group, aP < 0.05; compared with the LIM group, bP < 0.05.
Figure 4 At the 4-week mark following the administration of the DKK1 inhibitor in the LIM + EA group, we utilized qPCR to quantify the mRNA levels of WNT7B, WNT2B, WNT3A, CTNNB1, DKK1 and MMP-2, MMP-3, TIMP-2, TIMP-3 within the retina, choroid, and sclera tissues A, D: mRNA expression level in the retina. B, E: mRNA expression level in the choroid. C, F: mRNA expression level in the sclera. A1, B1, C1: WNT2B. A2, B2, C2: WNT3A. A3, B3, C3: WNT7B. A4, B4, C4: CTNNB1.A5, B5, C5: DKK1. D1, E1, F1: MMP-2. D2, E2, F2: MMP-3. D3, E3, F3: TIMP-2. D4, E4, F4: TIMP-3. NC: normal control group, both eyes were not intervened for 4 weeks; LIM: lens-induced myopia group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens for 4 weeks; LIM + EA: lens-induced myopia + electroacupuncture group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens and perform electroacupuncture treatment at bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Hegu (LI4) for 4 weeks; EA + DKK1 inhibitor: electroacupuncture + dickkopf wnt signaling pathway inhibitor injection group, lens-induced myopia + electroacupuncture group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens and perform electroacupuncture treatment at bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Hegu (LI4), 5 μL DKK1 inhibitor was injected into the vitreous cavity of the right eye for 4 weeks; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; WNT: wingless-related integration site; CTNNB1: beta-catenin 1; DKK1: dickkopf wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1; MMP: matrix metallopeptidase; TIMP: tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease. Statistical analyses were measured using an independent sample t-test was performed for each group. Data are provided as mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). Compared with the NC group, aP < 0.05; compared with the LIM group, bP < 0.05; compared with the LIM + EA group, cP < 0.05.
Figure 4 At the 4-week mark following the administration of the DKK1 inhibitor in the LIM + EA group, we utilized qPCR to quantify the mRNA levels of WNT7B, WNT2B, WNT3A, CTNNB1, DKK1 and MMP-2, MMP-3, TIMP-2, TIMP-3 within the retina, choroid, and sclera tissues A, D: mRNA expression level in the retina. B, E: mRNA expression level in the choroid. C, F: mRNA expression level in the sclera. A1, B1, C1: WNT2B. A2, B2, C2: WNT3A. A3, B3, C3: WNT7B. A4, B4, C4: CTNNB1.A5, B5, C5: DKK1. D1, E1, F1: MMP-2. D2, E2, F2: MMP-3. D3, E3, F3: TIMP-2. D4, E4, F4: TIMP-3. NC: normal control group, both eyes were not intervened for 4 weeks; LIM: lens-induced myopia group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens for 4 weeks; LIM + EA: lens-induced myopia + electroacupuncture group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens and perform electroacupuncture treatment at bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Hegu (LI4) for 4 weeks; EA + DKK1 inhibitor: electroacupuncture + dickkopf wnt signaling pathway inhibitor injection group, lens-induced myopia + electroacupuncture group, only the right eye wore the -6.00D lens and perform electroacupuncture treatment at bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Hegu (LI4), 5 μL DKK1 inhibitor was injected into the vitreous cavity of the right eye for 4 weeks; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; WNT: wingless-related integration site; CTNNB1: beta-catenin 1; DKK1: dickkopf wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1; MMP: matrix metallopeptidase; TIMP: tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease. Statistical analyses were measured using an independent sample t-test was performed for each group. Data are provided as mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). Compared with the NC group, aP < 0.05; compared with the LIM group, bP < 0.05; compared with the LIM + EA group, cP < 0.05.
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DOI PMID |
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