Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 296-303.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20220225.003
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
FENG Junfang1, CHEN Ou2(), WANG Yibiao1()
Received:
2021-06-23
Accepted:
2021-09-24
Online:
2022-02-25
Published:
2022-02-25
Contact:
CHEN Ou,WANG Yibiao
About author:
Prof. CHEN Ou, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. chenou@sdu.edu.cn, Telephone: +8653185875005; +86-531-82942003FENG Junfang, CHEN Ou, WANG Yibiao. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of rhein in treating asthma based on network pharmacology[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2022, 42(2): 296-303.
Figure 1 Rhein and its predicted targets eighty-three predicted targets of rhein were found in the search tool for interactions of chemicals (STITCH) database, Drugbank database
Figure 2 Rhein-target network results A: the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of rhein-target proteins was constructed in the String Database; B: nine anti-inflammatory proteins were identified in the Therapeutic Target Database, and in the PPI network, there were nine interacting targets, constituting seven interacting relationships; C: network analysis map of the interactions between rhein-target proteins and anti-inflammatory proteins. There were 115 nodes, 726 edges, and the local clustering coefficient was 0.512.
Figure 3 Network of rhein anti-inflammatory targets during treatment of asthma The merge function of Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was used to combine the rhein-predicted target network with the anti-inflammatory target protein protein interaction network in the Therapeutic Target Database, considering the overlapping results and a high confidence interval above 0.7, and the results showed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (ERBB2), related to asthma, were anti-inflammatory targets of rhein.
Figure 4 KEGG pathway enrichment of the target genes The top ten signalling pathways: MAPK signalling pathway; hepatitis C signalling pathway; epithelial cell signalling during Helicobacter pylori infection; proteoglycans in cancer signalling pathway; bladder cancer signalling pathway; non-small cell lung cancer signalling pathway; endometrial cancer signalling pathway; pancreatic cancer signalling pathway; central carbon metabolism in cancer signalling pathway; and ALS signalling pathway. KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Figure 5 Inflammation prevention effects of rhein on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase / nuclear factor-kappa B (MAPK/NF-κB) pathway A: the protein expression of NF-κB activity used at treated doses (0.1, 0.5, 1 μM); B: the protein expression of the MAPK signalling pathway; C: effects of rhein on OVA+LPS induced NF-κB activation in HBE cells. Cells were pre-treated with rhein for 2 h before treatment with or without LPS (1 μg/mL) + OVA (0.1 mg/mL) for 24 h in the continued presence or absence of various concentrations of rhein. Data represents the mean ± standard deviation of four independent experiments. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. aP < 0.05 vs NC; bP < 0.05, cP < 0.05 vs OVA + LPS alone; D: effects of rhein on OVA + LPS induced MAPK activation in HBE cells. Cells were pre-treated with rhein for 2 h before treatment with or without LPS (1 μg/mL) + OVA (0.1 mg/mL) for 24 h in the continued presence or absence of various concentrations of rhein. Data represents the mean ± standard deviation of four independent experiments. Each experiment was performed in triplicate, dP < 0.05 vs NC; bP < 0.05, cP < 0.05, eP < 0.05 vs OVA + LPS alone.
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