Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 14-26.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20221108.001
• Meta-analysises • Previous Articles Next Articles
YAO Yao1, ZHAO Zhenni1, CHEN Fengqin2, LENG Yufei3, PANG Xiangtian1, XU Xiao4, SUN Zhiling1()
Received:
2021-12-16
Accepted:
2022-03-28
Online:
2023-02-15
Published:
2023-01-10
Contact:
SUN Zhiling
About author:
Prof. SUN Zhiling, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.szl@njucm.edu.cn.Telephone,Telephone:+86-25-85811639Supported by:
YAO Yao, ZHAO Zhenni, CHEN Fengqin, LENG Yufei, PANG Xiangtian, XU Xiao, SUN Zhiling. Effectiveness of moxibustion alone on lumbar disc herniation: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2023, 43(1): 14-26.
Study | Sample size | Mean age (years) | Duration (months) | Intervention | Follow up | Adverse events | Outcomes | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental group | Control group | ||||||||||||||||||
Chen RX et al 201438 | 456 | E1: 45.5±10.6 E2: 47.3±11.2 C: 46.6±10.5 | n.r. | (E1) Suspended moxa (2 times daily in the first 4 d, one time daily in remaining 10 d, 2 weeks, n = 152) (E2) Suspended moxa (1session = 45 min, 2 times daily in the first 4 d, 1 time daily in the remaining 10 d, 2 weeks, n = 152) | Drug therapy (20% mannitol, Voltaren tablets in the first 3 d. Voltaren tablets in subsequent 11 d.) Plus acupuncture (1session = 30 min, 1/d, 2 weeks, n = 152) | 2 weeks, 6 months | None related to moxa. | JOA | |||||||||||
Fu Y et al 201437 | 180 | E1: 54.55±6.24 E2: 57.22±6.37 C: 56.21±5.27 | E1: 5.45±3.46 E2: 5.00±2.12 C: 5.32±3.18 | (E1) Suspended moxa (2 times daily in the first four days, 1 time daily in the remaining 10 d, 2 weeks, n = 60) (E2) Suspended moxa (1 session = 30 min, 2 times daily in the first 4 d, 1 time daily in the remaining 10 d, 2 weeks, n = 60) | Drug therapy (20% mannitol, 1/d, fortalin tablets, in the first 3 d, only taken fortalin tablets in subsequent 11 d.) Plus acupuncture, (1 session = 30 min, once daily, 2 weeks, n = 60) | 2 weeks, 6 months | n.r. | JOA | |||||||||||
Hu XW et al 201925 | 90 | E: 40.19±5.16 C1: 38.32±6.71 C2: 40.32±7.92 | E: 10.58±2.33 C1: 8.90±1.80 C2: 9.68±1.74 | Indirect moxa (once a week, 1 month, n = 31) | (C1) Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 10 times as a course, rest for 2 d between courses, 1 month, n = 28) (C2) Drug therapy (Diclofenac sodium tablets, 25 mg, 3 times a day, 1 month, n = 31) | 1 month | n.r. | Response rate; VAS; ODI; | |||||||||||
Li H et al 201231 | 60 | E: 41.7 C: 41.9 | E: 7.4 C: 7.2 | Suspended moxa (2 times daily in the first 4 d, 1 time daily in the remaining 10 d, 2 weeks, n = 30) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 6 times/ week, 8 weeks, n = 30) | 2 weeks | n.r. | Response rate | |||||||||||
Li L 201634 | 60 | E: 39.62±5.26 C: 40.80±4.68 | E (yr): 3.60±1.09 C(yr): 3.57±1.12 | Indirect moxa (1 session = 1.5 h, 2 times/week, 8 weeks, n = 30) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 6 times/ week, 8 weeks, n = 30) | 8 weeks | n.r. | VAS; JOA | |||||||||||
Lin WP 201236 | 60 | E: 42.73±11.77 C: 41.73±10.65 | E(d): 18.77±19.58 C(d): 20.53±23.56 | Indirect moxa (1 session = 50 min, once daily, 10 d, n = 30) | Acupuncture (1session = 30 min, plus cup, 1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 10 d, n = 30) | 10 d | n.r. | Response rate | |||||||||||
Liu Q et al 201239 | 80 | E: 43.20±10.26 C: 42.77±10.50 | E (yr): 4.81±2.96 C (yr): 4.67±3.16 | Indirect moxa (once every other one day, 3 times/week, 3 weeks, n = 40) | Acupuncture plus TDP irradiation (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 5 times/ week, 3 weeks, n = 40) | 3 weeks | n.r. | Response rate | |||||||||||
Liu CY et al 202140 | 60 | E: 52.42±3.17 C: 52.38±3.25 | n.r. | Suspended moxa (1 session = 15 min, 1/d, 6 d/course, rest for 1 d between courses, 4 weeks, n = 30) | Drug therapy (Citicoline sodium injection 0.5 g, salvia miltiorrhiza injection 20 mL, respectively, added to 5% of the glucose solution 250 mL intravenous injection,1/d, 4 weeks, n = 30) | 4 weeks | n.r. | VAS; JOA | |||||||||||
Lu YJ 201535 | 60 | E: 52.20±7.14 C: 52.53±7.53 | E(yr): 5.63±2.94 C(yr): 5.57±2.87 | Indirect moxa (1 session = 1.5 h, 2 times/week, 8 weeks, n = 30) | Acupuncture (1 session = 25 min, 1/d, 6 times/week, 8 weeks, n = 30) | 8 weeks | n.r. | VAS; JOA | |||||||||||
Ma S et al 201033 | 120 | E1: 41.5±12.8 E2: 38.3±11.3 C: 37.9±11.2 | E1(d): 261.2±47.7 E2(d): 267.3±34.5 C(d): 274.8±50.2 | (E1) Indirect moxa (once daily, 3 weeks, n = 30) (E2) Indirect moxa plus Acupuncture, (3 weeks, n = 60) | Acupuncture (1session = 30 min, 1/d, 3 weeks, n = 30) | 3 weeks | n.r. | ||||||||||||
Ma S et al 201033 | 120 | E1: 41.5±12.8 E2: 38.3±11.3 C: 37.9±11.2 | E1(d): 261.2±47.7 E2(d): 267.3±34.5 C(d): 274.8±50.2 | (E1) Indirect moxa (once daily, 3 weeks, n = 30) (E2) Indirect moxa plus Acupuncture, (3 weeks, n = 60) | Acupuncture (1session = 30 min, 1/d, 3 weeks, n = 30) | 3 weeks | n.r. | JOA | |||||||||||
Mai ZM, Tang JD 201729 | 94 | E: 42.81±9.31 C: 43.17±9.63 | E: 13.45±6.41 C: 13.63±6.55 | Suspended moxa (1 session = 40 min, 1/d, 5 d/course, rest for 2 d between courses, 4 weeks, n = 47) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 5 d/course, rest for 2 d between courses, 4 weeks, n = 47) | 4 weeks | n.r. | VAS; JOA | |||||||||||
Mao LF 201726 | 60 | E: 51.53±8.66 C: 51.93±11.30 | n.r. | Suspended moxa (5 d/course, rest for 2 d between courses of treatment, n = 30) | Drug therapy (Yaotongning capsule, 4-6 pieces, 3/d, 10 d, n = 30) | 10 d | 5 patients developed dry and thirst, normal after hydration | JOA | |||||||||||
Song LJ et al 201622 | 60 | E: 27.76±3.67 C: 28.83±3.33 | E: 15 d-3 yr C: 20 d-2.5 yr | Suspended moxa (1session = 15-20 min, 1/d, 5 d/course, 10 d, n = 30) | Conventional therapy (10 d, n = 30) | 10 d | n.r. | ODI | |||||||||||
Wang XY 200828 | 72 | E: 48.8±11.8 C: 46.8±13.7 | n.r. | Indirect moxa (once every other one day, 3 weeks, n = 36) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, once every other one day, 3 weeks, n = 36) | 1/2/3 week(s), 1 month | None related to moxa. | Response rate; JOA | |||||||||||
Xu JF et al 201227 | 60 | E: 41.1±11.6 C: 40.1±10.1 | E: 29.2±8.4 C: 32.3±8.2 | Suspended moxa (1 session = 1 h, 1/d, 3 weeks, n = 30) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 3 weeks, n = 30) | 3 weeks | n.r. | VAS; JOA | |||||||||||
Yang DL et al 201432 | 40 | E: 42±13 C: 45±12 | E: 29.2±8.4 C: 32.3±8.2 | Suspended moxa (1 session = 1 h, 1/d, 3 weeks, n = 20) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 3 weeks, n = 20) | 3 weeks | n.r. | JOA | |||||||||||
Yi GQ et al 201530 | 70 | E: 47.09±9.06 C: 45.49±10.48 | E: 14.40±16.83 C: 11.49±17.70 | Suspended moxa (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 5 d/course, rest for 2 d between courses, 3 weeks, n = 35) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 5 d/course, rest for 2 d between courses, 3 weeks, n = 35) | 3 weeks | n.r. | Response rate; VAS; JOA | |||||||||||
Zhang LZ 201823 | 106 | E: 47.58±10.30 C: 47.15±10.07 | E (yr): 6.08±3.64 C(yr): 6.34±3.51 | Suspended moxa (1 session = 20-30 min, 1/d, n = 53), plus Conventional therapy | Conventional therapy (n = 53) | 14-21 d | n.r. | VAS | |||||||||||
Zheng CH et al 201924 | 100 | E: 54.26±8.24 C: 54.49±8.19 | E: 3.79±2.88 C: 3.86±2.91 | Suspended moxa (5 times every week, 2 weeks, n = 50) | Fixed-point rotation reduction (once every other one day, 2 weeks, n = 50) | 2 weeks | n.r. | Response rate; VAS; JOA; ODI |
Table 1 Summary of the 19 included studies
Study | Sample size | Mean age (years) | Duration (months) | Intervention | Follow up | Adverse events | Outcomes | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental group | Control group | ||||||||||||||||||
Chen RX et al 201438 | 456 | E1: 45.5±10.6 E2: 47.3±11.2 C: 46.6±10.5 | n.r. | (E1) Suspended moxa (2 times daily in the first 4 d, one time daily in remaining 10 d, 2 weeks, n = 152) (E2) Suspended moxa (1session = 45 min, 2 times daily in the first 4 d, 1 time daily in the remaining 10 d, 2 weeks, n = 152) | Drug therapy (20% mannitol, Voltaren tablets in the first 3 d. Voltaren tablets in subsequent 11 d.) Plus acupuncture (1session = 30 min, 1/d, 2 weeks, n = 152) | 2 weeks, 6 months | None related to moxa. | JOA | |||||||||||
Fu Y et al 201437 | 180 | E1: 54.55±6.24 E2: 57.22±6.37 C: 56.21±5.27 | E1: 5.45±3.46 E2: 5.00±2.12 C: 5.32±3.18 | (E1) Suspended moxa (2 times daily in the first four days, 1 time daily in the remaining 10 d, 2 weeks, n = 60) (E2) Suspended moxa (1 session = 30 min, 2 times daily in the first 4 d, 1 time daily in the remaining 10 d, 2 weeks, n = 60) | Drug therapy (20% mannitol, 1/d, fortalin tablets, in the first 3 d, only taken fortalin tablets in subsequent 11 d.) Plus acupuncture, (1 session = 30 min, once daily, 2 weeks, n = 60) | 2 weeks, 6 months | n.r. | JOA | |||||||||||
Hu XW et al 201925 | 90 | E: 40.19±5.16 C1: 38.32±6.71 C2: 40.32±7.92 | E: 10.58±2.33 C1: 8.90±1.80 C2: 9.68±1.74 | Indirect moxa (once a week, 1 month, n = 31) | (C1) Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 10 times as a course, rest for 2 d between courses, 1 month, n = 28) (C2) Drug therapy (Diclofenac sodium tablets, 25 mg, 3 times a day, 1 month, n = 31) | 1 month | n.r. | Response rate; VAS; ODI; | |||||||||||
Li H et al 201231 | 60 | E: 41.7 C: 41.9 | E: 7.4 C: 7.2 | Suspended moxa (2 times daily in the first 4 d, 1 time daily in the remaining 10 d, 2 weeks, n = 30) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 6 times/ week, 8 weeks, n = 30) | 2 weeks | n.r. | Response rate | |||||||||||
Li L 201634 | 60 | E: 39.62±5.26 C: 40.80±4.68 | E (yr): 3.60±1.09 C(yr): 3.57±1.12 | Indirect moxa (1 session = 1.5 h, 2 times/week, 8 weeks, n = 30) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 6 times/ week, 8 weeks, n = 30) | 8 weeks | n.r. | VAS; JOA | |||||||||||
Lin WP 201236 | 60 | E: 42.73±11.77 C: 41.73±10.65 | E(d): 18.77±19.58 C(d): 20.53±23.56 | Indirect moxa (1 session = 50 min, once daily, 10 d, n = 30) | Acupuncture (1session = 30 min, plus cup, 1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 10 d, n = 30) | 10 d | n.r. | Response rate | |||||||||||
Liu Q et al 201239 | 80 | E: 43.20±10.26 C: 42.77±10.50 | E (yr): 4.81±2.96 C (yr): 4.67±3.16 | Indirect moxa (once every other one day, 3 times/week, 3 weeks, n = 40) | Acupuncture plus TDP irradiation (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 5 times/ week, 3 weeks, n = 40) | 3 weeks | n.r. | Response rate | |||||||||||
Liu CY et al 202140 | 60 | E: 52.42±3.17 C: 52.38±3.25 | n.r. | Suspended moxa (1 session = 15 min, 1/d, 6 d/course, rest for 1 d between courses, 4 weeks, n = 30) | Drug therapy (Citicoline sodium injection 0.5 g, salvia miltiorrhiza injection 20 mL, respectively, added to 5% of the glucose solution 250 mL intravenous injection,1/d, 4 weeks, n = 30) | 4 weeks | n.r. | VAS; JOA | |||||||||||
Lu YJ 201535 | 60 | E: 52.20±7.14 C: 52.53±7.53 | E(yr): 5.63±2.94 C(yr): 5.57±2.87 | Indirect moxa (1 session = 1.5 h, 2 times/week, 8 weeks, n = 30) | Acupuncture (1 session = 25 min, 1/d, 6 times/week, 8 weeks, n = 30) | 8 weeks | n.r. | VAS; JOA | |||||||||||
Ma S et al 201033 | 120 | E1: 41.5±12.8 E2: 38.3±11.3 C: 37.9±11.2 | E1(d): 261.2±47.7 E2(d): 267.3±34.5 C(d): 274.8±50.2 | (E1) Indirect moxa (once daily, 3 weeks, n = 30) (E2) Indirect moxa plus Acupuncture, (3 weeks, n = 60) | Acupuncture (1session = 30 min, 1/d, 3 weeks, n = 30) | 3 weeks | n.r. | ||||||||||||
Ma S et al 201033 | 120 | E1: 41.5±12.8 E2: 38.3±11.3 C: 37.9±11.2 | E1(d): 261.2±47.7 E2(d): 267.3±34.5 C(d): 274.8±50.2 | (E1) Indirect moxa (once daily, 3 weeks, n = 30) (E2) Indirect moxa plus Acupuncture, (3 weeks, n = 60) | Acupuncture (1session = 30 min, 1/d, 3 weeks, n = 30) | 3 weeks | n.r. | JOA | |||||||||||
Mai ZM, Tang JD 201729 | 94 | E: 42.81±9.31 C: 43.17±9.63 | E: 13.45±6.41 C: 13.63±6.55 | Suspended moxa (1 session = 40 min, 1/d, 5 d/course, rest for 2 d between courses, 4 weeks, n = 47) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 5 d/course, rest for 2 d between courses, 4 weeks, n = 47) | 4 weeks | n.r. | VAS; JOA | |||||||||||
Mao LF 201726 | 60 | E: 51.53±8.66 C: 51.93±11.30 | n.r. | Suspended moxa (5 d/course, rest for 2 d between courses of treatment, n = 30) | Drug therapy (Yaotongning capsule, 4-6 pieces, 3/d, 10 d, n = 30) | 10 d | 5 patients developed dry and thirst, normal after hydration | JOA | |||||||||||
Song LJ et al 201622 | 60 | E: 27.76±3.67 C: 28.83±3.33 | E: 15 d-3 yr C: 20 d-2.5 yr | Suspended moxa (1session = 15-20 min, 1/d, 5 d/course, 10 d, n = 30) | Conventional therapy (10 d, n = 30) | 10 d | n.r. | ODI | |||||||||||
Wang XY 200828 | 72 | E: 48.8±11.8 C: 46.8±13.7 | n.r. | Indirect moxa (once every other one day, 3 weeks, n = 36) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, once every other one day, 3 weeks, n = 36) | 1/2/3 week(s), 1 month | None related to moxa. | Response rate; JOA | |||||||||||
Xu JF et al 201227 | 60 | E: 41.1±11.6 C: 40.1±10.1 | E: 29.2±8.4 C: 32.3±8.2 | Suspended moxa (1 session = 1 h, 1/d, 3 weeks, n = 30) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 3 weeks, n = 30) | 3 weeks | n.r. | VAS; JOA | |||||||||||
Yang DL et al 201432 | 40 | E: 42±13 C: 45±12 | E: 29.2±8.4 C: 32.3±8.2 | Suspended moxa (1 session = 1 h, 1/d, 3 weeks, n = 20) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 3 weeks, n = 20) | 3 weeks | n.r. | JOA | |||||||||||
Yi GQ et al 201530 | 70 | E: 47.09±9.06 C: 45.49±10.48 | E: 14.40±16.83 C: 11.49±17.70 | Suspended moxa (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 5 d/course, rest for 2 d between courses, 3 weeks, n = 35) | Acupuncture (1 session = 30 min, 1/d, 5 d/course, rest for 2 d between courses, 3 weeks, n = 35) | 3 weeks | n.r. | Response rate; VAS; JOA | |||||||||||
Zhang LZ 201823 | 106 | E: 47.58±10.30 C: 47.15±10.07 | E (yr): 6.08±3.64 C(yr): 6.34±3.51 | Suspended moxa (1 session = 20-30 min, 1/d, n = 53), plus Conventional therapy | Conventional therapy (n = 53) | 14-21 d | n.r. | VAS | |||||||||||
Zheng CH et al 201924 | 100 | E: 54.26±8.24 C: 54.49±8.19 | E: 3.79±2.88 C: 3.86±2.91 | Suspended moxa (5 times every week, 2 weeks, n = 50) | Fixed-point rotation reduction (once every other one day, 2 weeks, n = 50) | 2 weeks | n.r. | Response rate; VAS; JOA; ODI |
Figure 2 Risk of bias graph and summary A: risk of bias analysis of each included studies; B: overall risk of bias analysis of included studies. “?”: unclear risk of bias; “+”: low risk of bias; “-”: high risk of bias.
Figure 3 Results of the Meta-analysis A: forest plot of moxibustion on response rate (1); B: forest plot of moxibustion on response rate (2); C: forest plot of moxibustion on VAS score; D: forest plot of moxibustion on JOA score; E: forest plot of moxibustion on ODI score. VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; JOA: Japanese Orthopaedic Association; ODI: Oswestry Disability Index.
Figure 4 Sensitivity analysis A: sensitivity analysis of the response rate; B: sensitivity analysis of the VAS score; C: sensitivity analysis of the JOA score. VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; JOA: Japanese Orthopaedic Association.
Item | Effect size (95% CI) | No. of participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Response rate | Moxibustion vs Acupuncture | RR 1.07 higher (0.98 higher to 1.16 higher) | 321 (5 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW |
Moxibustion vs Drug therapy | RR 1.26 higher (1.00 higher to 1.58 higher) | 62 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Acupuncture plus TDP irradiation | RR 1.08 higher (0.97 higher to 1.21 higher) | 80 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Fixed-point rotation reduction | RR 1.22 higher (1.00 higher to 1.49 higher) | 100 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
The diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for diseases and syndrome patterns of TCM | RR 1.10 higher (1.02 higher to 1.18 higher) | 442 (6 RCTs) | ⊕⊕○○ LOW | |
The guiding principle of clinical research on new drugs of TCM | RR 1.17 higher (1.02 higher to 1.35 higher) | 121 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
VAS score | Moxibustion vs Acupuncture | MD 0.43 lower (0.91 lower to 0.05 higher) | 403 (6 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW |
Moxibustion vs Drug therapy | MD 1.16 lower (2.63 lower to 0.31 higher) | 122 (2 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Conventional therapy | MD 0.64 lower (0.87 lower to 0.41 lower) | 106 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Fixed-point rotation reduction | MD 1.05 lower (1.22 lower to 0.88 lower) | 100 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
JOA score | Moxibustion vs Acupuncture | MD 0.84 higher (1.27 lower to 2.96 higher) | 516 (8 RCTs) | ⊕⊕○○ LOW |
Moxibustion vs Drug therapy | MD 4.15 higher (0.05 higher to 8.26 higher) | 120 (2 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Fixed-point rotation reduction | MD 8.69 higher (5.08 higher to 12.30 higher) | 100 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
ODI score | Moxibustion vs Acupuncture | MD 1.16 lower (3.75 lower to 1.43 higher) | 59 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW |
Moxibustion vs Drug therapy | MD 16.03 lower (20.04 lower to 12.02 lower) | 62 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Conventional therapy | MD 10.67 lower (12.72 lower to 8.62 lower) | 60 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Fixed-point rotation reduction | MD 8.19 lower (8.78 lower to 7.60 lower) | 100 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW |
Table 2 Summary of findings and quality of evidence for all outcomes included in this review
Item | Effect size (95% CI) | No. of participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Response rate | Moxibustion vs Acupuncture | RR 1.07 higher (0.98 higher to 1.16 higher) | 321 (5 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW |
Moxibustion vs Drug therapy | RR 1.26 higher (1.00 higher to 1.58 higher) | 62 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Acupuncture plus TDP irradiation | RR 1.08 higher (0.97 higher to 1.21 higher) | 80 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Fixed-point rotation reduction | RR 1.22 higher (1.00 higher to 1.49 higher) | 100 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
The diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for diseases and syndrome patterns of TCM | RR 1.10 higher (1.02 higher to 1.18 higher) | 442 (6 RCTs) | ⊕⊕○○ LOW | |
The guiding principle of clinical research on new drugs of TCM | RR 1.17 higher (1.02 higher to 1.35 higher) | 121 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
VAS score | Moxibustion vs Acupuncture | MD 0.43 lower (0.91 lower to 0.05 higher) | 403 (6 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW |
Moxibustion vs Drug therapy | MD 1.16 lower (2.63 lower to 0.31 higher) | 122 (2 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Conventional therapy | MD 0.64 lower (0.87 lower to 0.41 lower) | 106 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Fixed-point rotation reduction | MD 1.05 lower (1.22 lower to 0.88 lower) | 100 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
JOA score | Moxibustion vs Acupuncture | MD 0.84 higher (1.27 lower to 2.96 higher) | 516 (8 RCTs) | ⊕⊕○○ LOW |
Moxibustion vs Drug therapy | MD 4.15 higher (0.05 higher to 8.26 higher) | 120 (2 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Fixed-point rotation reduction | MD 8.69 higher (5.08 higher to 12.30 higher) | 100 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
ODI score | Moxibustion vs Acupuncture | MD 1.16 lower (3.75 lower to 1.43 higher) | 59 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW |
Moxibustion vs Drug therapy | MD 16.03 lower (20.04 lower to 12.02 lower) | 62 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Conventional therapy | MD 10.67 lower (12.72 lower to 8.62 lower) | 60 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
Moxibustion vs Fixed-point rotation reduction | MD 8.19 lower (8.78 lower to 7.60 lower) | 100 (1 RCTs) | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW |
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