Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in treatment of pregnancy-related symptoms: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

doi:10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20231204.006

Abstract

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture (AM) in the treatment of pregnancy-related symptoms such as acute vomiting during pregnancy.

METHODS: We comprehensively searched the available literature up to November 2021, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on AM for the treatment of severe vomiting, insomnia, pharyngeal and pelvic pain, mood abnormalities, and dyspepsia during pregnancy.

RESULTS: Sixteen RCTs with a cumulative sample size of 1178 cases were included. Of these, 964 patients were included in the Meta-analysis. The Meta-analysis results showed that AM was more efficient than Western medicine in treating discomfort during pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.11, 1.28), P < 0.01]. AM was better than the control group in improving the visual analog scale scores [standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.62, 95% CI(0.53, 0.71), P < 0.01]. AM was superior to the control group in improving Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) symptom scores [OR = 7.31, 95% CI(3.36, 15.94), P < 0.01]. There was no significant difference in adverse effects between the AM and sham-AM groups and the analgesic drug group [OR = 0.70, 95% CI(0.39, 1.28), P = 0.25], but the treatment and control groups had mild adverse effects with a low incidence.

CONCLUSIONS: AM is more effective than other treatments or pharmacotherapy alone in the treatment of pregnancy-related symptoms, and is relatively safe. However, the quality of the included trials was rather poor, and high-quality studies are required to confirm our findings.

Key words: acupuncture, pregnancy, nausea, vomiting, sleep initiation and maintenance disorders, low back pain, pelvic pain, mood abnormalities, Meta-analysis, systematic review

LIU Tingting, LIU Tongou, LIU Mingfu. Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in treatment of pregnancy-related symptoms: a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(1): 16-26.

Figures/Tables 5

References 58.

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Study	Country	Intervention (n)			Treatment course	Primary Outcome Measure	Adverse reaction
Study	Country	Study group	Control group	Control group	Treatment course	Primary Outcome Measure	Adverse reaction
Foroughinia S et al 2020²⁸	Nasrin	Acupuncture (n=36)	Sleep hygiene education+fake needle and non-penetrating needle (n=36)	/	Standard acupuncture was performed 10 times at 3	PSQI score	No serious adverse event was reported. Only AE reported was stabbing pain
Elden H et al 2008³³	Sweden	Standard treatment+acupuncture group	Standard treatment+non-penetrating sham acupuncture group	/	Twice weekly for 4 weeks	VAS score	No serious adverse event
Silva JBGD et al 2005³⁴	Brazil	Acupuncture (n=17)	Non-acupuncture (n=13)	/	Eight weeks, 8-12 times	NRS score	One patient reported ecchymosis at some insertion points
Silva JBGD et al 2004³⁵	Brazil	Acupuncture treatment+conventional treatment (n=27)	Conventional treatment (n=34)	/	Eight weeks, 8-12 times	NRS score	No serious adverse event
Silva JBGD 2007³⁶	Brazil	Acupuncture+Conventional treatment (n=28)	Conventional treatment (n=23)	/	Eight weeks, 8-12 times	NRS score	Except for bruising, no serious adverse effects were observed
Kvorning N et al 2004 ³⁷	Sweden	Acupuncture (n=37)	No false stimulation (n=35)	/	Patients receive acupuncture twice a week during the first 2 weeks and no more than once a week thereafter.	VAS score	No serious adverse reactions to acupuncture were found in patients, and no adverse reactions were seen in infants and children.
Christer PO et al 2000²⁹	Sweden	Active PC6 Acupuncture+Standard Treatment (n=21)	Standard treatment+placebo acupuncture (n=19)	/	8 d of treatment	VAS score	No significant adverse reactions were observed
Gan YL et al 2021³¹	China	Intravenous nutrition therapy+acupuncture point moxibustion+ear point pressure bean (n=50)	Intravenous nutrition (n=50)	/	Both groups were treated for 7-10 d	Clinical efficiency	Not mentioned
Xu Y et al 2015³²	China	Routine rehydration + Acupuncture+Moxibustion (n=25)	Routine rehydration (n=35)	/	Treat once a day for 3 to 5 d	Clinical efficiency	No significant adverse reactions
Xie HY 2013³⁸	China	Acupuncture (n=47)	Routine rehydration (n=47)	/	10 times for a course of treatment, treatment 1 treatment course	Clinical efficiency	Not mentioned
Joan C 2017³⁹	China	Routine rehydration+Acupuncture (n=35)	Routine rehydration (n=35)	/	2 times/d, 1 week as a course of treatment	Clinical efficiency	No significant adverse reactions
Jia YZ 2015⁴⁰	China	Acupuncture (n=47)	Conventional treatment (n=47)	/	≥1 time per week for 5 weeks of treatment	VAS score	No significant adverse reactions
Huang WY, Luo BZ 2019⁴¹	China	Acupuncture (n=40)	Analgesic drugs (n=40)	/	week/time, 1 month of continuous needling	VAS score, AE	Low incidence of adverse reactions during treatment
Jiang X 2021⁴²	China	General health guidance+Acupuncture (n=35)	General health guidance (n=35)	/	2 times/week for 6 weeks of treatment	VAS score	In the observation group, some patients showed fatigue and drowsiness; in the control group, 7 patients felt fatigued and weakness because of sleep disorder.
Long Y et al 2014⁴³	China	Acupuncture (n=40)	Not with treatment (n=40)	/	At least 1 time per week for 5 weeks	VAS score	No serious adverse reactions were found
Zhao YL 2017³⁰	China	Routine rehydration+Acupuncture (n=42)	Routine rehydration (n=42)	/	5 d for 1 course of treatment, 2 courses of treatment	Clinical efficiency	Not mentioned

Study	Country	Intervention (n)			Treatment course	Primary Outcome Measure	Adverse reaction
Study	Country	Study group	Control group	Control group	Treatment course	Primary Outcome Measure	Adverse reaction
Foroughinia S et al 2020²⁸	Nasrin	Acupuncture (n=36)	Sleep hygiene education+fake needle and non-penetrating needle (n=36)	/	Standard acupuncture was performed 10 times at 3	PSQI score	No serious adverse event was reported. Only AE reported was stabbing pain
Elden H et al 2008³³	Sweden	Standard treatment+acupuncture group	Standard treatment+non-penetrating sham acupuncture group	/	Twice weekly for 4 weeks	VAS score	No serious adverse event
Silva JBGD et al 2005³⁴	Brazil	Acupuncture (n=17)	Non-acupuncture (n=13)	/	Eight weeks, 8-12 times	NRS score	One patient reported ecchymosis at some insertion points
Silva JBGD et al 2004³⁵	Brazil	Acupuncture treatment+conventional treatment (n=27)	Conventional treatment (n=34)	/	Eight weeks, 8-12 times	NRS score	No serious adverse event
Silva JBGD 2007³⁶	Brazil	Acupuncture+Conventional treatment (n=28)	Conventional treatment (n=23)	/	Eight weeks, 8-12 times	NRS score	Except for bruising, no serious adverse effects were observed
Kvorning N et al 2004 ³⁷	Sweden	Acupuncture (n=37)	No false stimulation (n=35)	/	Patients receive acupuncture twice a week during the first 2 weeks and no more than once a week thereafter.	VAS score	No serious adverse reactions to acupuncture were found in patients, and no adverse reactions were seen in infants and children.
Christer PO et al 2000²⁹	Sweden	Active PC6 Acupuncture+Standard Treatment (n=21)	Standard treatment+placebo acupuncture (n=19)	/	8 d of treatment	VAS score	No significant adverse reactions were observed
Gan YL et al 2021³¹	China	Intravenous nutrition therapy+acupuncture point moxibustion+ear point pressure bean (n=50)	Intravenous nutrition (n=50)	/	Both groups were treated for 7-10 d	Clinical efficiency	Not mentioned
Xu Y et al 2015³²	China	Routine rehydration + Acupuncture+Moxibustion (n=25)	Routine rehydration (n=35)	/	Treat once a day for 3 to 5 d	Clinical efficiency	No significant adverse reactions
Xie HY 2013³⁸	China	Acupuncture (n=47)	Routine rehydration (n=47)	/	10 times for a course of treatment, treatment 1 treatment course	Clinical efficiency	Not mentioned
Joan C 2017³⁹	China	Routine rehydration+Acupuncture (n=35)	Routine rehydration (n=35)	/	2 times/d, 1 week as a course of treatment	Clinical efficiency	No significant adverse reactions
Jia YZ 2015⁴⁰	China	Acupuncture (n=47)	Conventional treatment (n=47)	/	≥1 time per week for 5 weeks of treatment	VAS score	No significant adverse reactions
Huang WY, Luo BZ 2019⁴¹	China	Acupuncture (n=40)	Analgesic drugs (n=40)	/	week/time, 1 month of continuous needling	VAS score, AE	Low incidence of adverse reactions during treatment
Jiang X 2021⁴²	China	General health guidance+Acupuncture (n=35)	General health guidance (n=35)	/	2 times/week for 6 weeks of treatment	VAS score	In the observation group, some patients showed fatigue and drowsiness; in the control group, 7 patients felt fatigued and weakness because of sleep disorder.
Long Y et al 2014⁴³	China	Acupuncture (n=40)	Not with treatment (n=40)	/	At least 1 time per week for 5 weeks	VAS score	No serious adverse reactions were found
Zhao YL 2017³⁰	China	Routine rehydration+Acupuncture (n=42)	Routine rehydration (n=42)	/	5 d for 1 course of treatment, 2 courses of treatment	Clinical efficiency	Not mentioned

Study	Country	Random sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of participants and personnel	Blinding of outcome assessment	Incomplete outcome data	Selective reporting	Other bias
Foroughinia S et al 2020²⁸	Nasrin	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Elden H et al 2008³³	Sweden	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	High	Unclear	Unclear
Silva JBGD et al 2005³⁴	Brazil	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Silva JBGD et al 2004³⁵	Brazil	Unclear	High	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Silva JBGD 2007³⁶	Brazil	Unclear	High	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Unclear
Kvorning N et al 2004³⁷	Sweden	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Christer PO et al 2000²⁹	Sweden	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Gan YL et al 2021³¹	China	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Xu Y et al 2015³²	China	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Xie HY 2013³⁸	China	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Joan C 2017³⁹	China	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Jia YZ 2015⁴⁰	China	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Huang WY, Luo BZ 2019⁴¹	China	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Jiang X 2021⁴²	China	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Long Y et al 2014⁴³	China	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Zhao YL 2017³⁰	China	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear

Study	Country	Random sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of participants and personnel	Blinding of outcome assessment	Incomplete outcome data	Selective reporting	Other bias
Foroughinia S et al 2020²⁸	Nasrin	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Elden H et al 2008³³	Sweden	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	High	Unclear	Unclear
Silva JBGD et al 2005³⁴	Brazil	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Silva JBGD et al 2004³⁵	Brazil	Unclear	High	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Silva JBGD 2007³⁶	Brazil	Unclear	High	Unclear	Unclear	High	Unclear	Unclear
Kvorning N et al 2004³⁷	Sweden	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Christer PO et al 2000²⁹	Sweden	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Gan YL et al 2021³¹	China	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Xu Y et al 2015³²	China	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Xie HY 2013³⁸	China	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Joan C 2017³⁹	China	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Jia YZ 2015⁴⁰	China	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Huang WY, Luo BZ 2019⁴¹	China	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Jiang X 2021⁴²	China	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Long Y et al 2014⁴³	China	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Zhao YL 2017³⁰	China	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear

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