Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 629-640.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20260304.001
• Original Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
Evaluation of the anti-apoptotic, anti-platelet aggregation, and pro-angiogenic properties of Naoshuantong capsule (脑栓通) in ischemic stroke: insights from network pharmacology and animal experiments
LI Chuanpeng1,2,3, YAO Yaoyao1,2,4, XU Yingzhi1,2,4, JIANG Ping1,2,4, FENG Luda1,2,4, GAO Ying1,2,3,4(
), DONG Xinglu1,2,4()
- 1
Department of Neurology ,Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100700, China
2Institute for Brain Disorders ,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100700, China
3Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing ,Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100700, China
4Chinese Medicine Key Research Room of Brain Disorders Syndrome and Treatment of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing 100700, China
-
Received:2025-03-07Accepted:2025-08-18Online:2026-06-15Published:2026-03-04 -
Contact:Prof. GAO Ying, Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100007, China. gaoying973@163.com;
Dr. DONG Xinglu, Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100007, China. arthasdxl@163.com, Telephone: +86-10-84013258 -
Supported by:Research on the Mechanism of Naoshuantong capsule in Treatment of Ischemic Stroke Based on Network Pharmacology(601249);National Natural Science Foundation of China (Young Scientists Fund), “Study on the Effects and Mechanisms of Detoxification and Collateral-Unblocking Therapy on Ischemic Stroke by Regulating Mitochondria-associated ER membranes Ca2+ Homeostasis via the Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Receptor Type 1-Glucose-regulated Protein 75-Voltage-dependent Anion Channel 1 Complex”(82405317);Beijing Municipal level Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Academic Experience Inheritance Work Project(202279);Research on the Phar macological Mechanism of Naoshuantong Capsule in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease(601418qt)
Cite this article
LI Chuanpeng, YAO Yaoyao, XU Yingzhi, JIANG Ping, FENG Luda, GAO Ying, DONG Xinglu. Evaluation of the anti-apoptotic, anti-platelet aggregation, and pro-angiogenic properties of Naoshuantong capsule (脑栓通) in ischemic stroke: insights from network pharmacology and animal experiments[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2026, 46(3): 629-640.
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Figure 1 The GO enrichment analyses The top 20 of GO enrichment of intersection targets for BPs, CCs, and MFs. GO: gene ontology; BPs: biological processes; CCs: cellular components; MFs: molecular functions.
Figure 1 The GO enrichment analyses The top 20 of GO enrichment of intersection targets for BPs, CCs, and MFs. GO: gene ontology; BPs: biological processes; CCs: cellular components; MFs: molecular functions.
Figure 2 Top 20 pathways of KEGG pathway analyses of intersection targets. KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; PI3K-AKT: phosphoinositide 3-kinase-serine-threonine protein kinase; HIF-1: hypoxia-inducible factor 1; TNF: tumor necrosis factor, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, ErbB: erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase family, serotonergic synapse; FoxO: forkhead box O; Ras: rat sarcoma viral oncogene; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; cGMP-PKG: cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase g signaling pathway; RAP1: ras-related protein 1; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
Figure 2 Top 20 pathways of KEGG pathway analyses of intersection targets. KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; PI3K-AKT: phosphoinositide 3-kinase-serine-threonine protein kinase; HIF-1: hypoxia-inducible factor 1; TNF: tumor necrosis factor, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, ErbB: erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase family, serotonergic synapse; FoxO: forkhead box O; Ras: rat sarcoma viral oncogene; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; cGMP-PKG: cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase g signaling pathway; RAP1: ras-related protein 1; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
Table 1 The Binding energy of AKT1, PI3K, and VEGFA with the corresponding compound
| Ingredient | Core targets | Binding energy (kcal/mol) |
|---|---|---|
| Naringenin | AKT1 | －8.076 |
| PI3K | －7.804 | |
| VEGFA | －6.345 | |
| Baicalein | AKT1 | －8.954 |
| PI3K | －7.951 | |
| VEGFA | －6.400 | |
| Ellagic acid | AKT1 | －9.039 |
| PI3K | －8.152 | |
| VEGFA | －6.300 | |
| Paeoniflorin | AKT1 | －6.452 |
| PI3K | －8.600 | |
| VEGFA | －6.935 |
Table 1 The Binding energy of AKT1, PI3K, and VEGFA with the corresponding compound
| Ingredient | Core targets | Binding energy (kcal/mol) |
|---|---|---|
| Naringenin | AKT1 | －8.076 |
| PI3K | －7.804 | |
| VEGFA | －6.345 | |
| Baicalein | AKT1 | －8.954 |
| PI3K | －7.951 | |
| VEGFA | －6.400 | |
| Ellagic acid | AKT1 | －9.039 |
| PI3K | －8.152 | |
| VEGFA | －6.300 | |
| Paeoniflorin | AKT1 | －6.452 |
| PI3K | －8.600 | |
| VEGFA | －6.935 |
Figure 3 The NST relieves cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and improves motor performance A: representative pictures of TTC staining; B: quantitative analysis of infarct volumes; C: the effect of NST on grip strength test; D: rotarod duration. Sham: sham surgery group; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion group; NST-L: Naoshuantong low-dose group (0.5 g·kg-1;·d-1; of NST for 7 d); NST-H: Naoshuantong high-dose group (1 g·kg-1;·d-1; of NST for 7 d). NST: Naoshuantong; TTC: 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride; One-way analysis of variance was employed to compare the mean between groups for statistical testing. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 3-5). Compared with sham group, aP < 0.01; compared with MCAO group, bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
Figure 3 The NST relieves cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and improves motor performance A: representative pictures of TTC staining; B: quantitative analysis of infarct volumes; C: the effect of NST on grip strength test; D: rotarod duration. Sham: sham surgery group; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion group; NST-L: Naoshuantong low-dose group (0.5 g·kg-1;·d-1; of NST for 7 d); NST-H: Naoshuantong high-dose group (1 g·kg-1;·d-1; of NST for 7 d). NST: Naoshuantong; TTC: 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride; One-way analysis of variance was employed to compare the mean between groups for statistical testing. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 3-5). Compared with sham group, aP < 0.01; compared with MCAO group, bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
Figure 4 NST regulates related proteins of the PI3K-AKT pathway A: representative pictures of apoptosis detection in MCAO rats; A1: sham group; A2: MCAO group; A3: NST-L group; A4: NST-H group; B: quantitative analysis of apoptosis in MCAO rats; C: quantitative analysis of P-AKT/AKT, P-PI3K/PI3K, Bcl-2/Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3/GPAHD in Western blotting and representative Western blot analysis of P-AKT, AKT, P-PI3K, PI3K, Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, and GPAHD; C1: representative Western blot analysis of P-AKT/ AKT; C2: quantitative analysis of P-AKT/AKT; C3: representative Western blot analysis of P-PI3K/PI3K; C4: quantitative analysis of P-PI3K/PI3K; C5: representative Western blot analysis of Bcl-2/Bax; C6: quantitative analysis of Bcl-2/Bax; C7: representative Western blot analysis of cleaved-caspase-3; C8: quantitative analysis of cleaved-caspase-3/GPAHD. NST: Naoshuantong; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; AKT: akt serine/threonine kinase; P-AKT: phosphorylated-akt; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-Kinase; P-PI3K: phosphorylated-phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Bcl-2: b-cell lymphoma 2; Bax: bcl-2 associated x protein; GAPHD: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Sham: sham surgery group; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion group; NST-L: Naoshuantong low-dose group (0.5 g·kg-1;·d-1; of NST for 7 d); NST-H: Naoshuantong high-dose group (1 g·kg-1;·d-1; of NST for 7 d). One-way analysis of variance was employed to compare the mean between groups for statistical testing. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 5). Compared with sham group, aP < 0.05; compared with MCAO group, bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
Figure 4 NST regulates related proteins of the PI3K-AKT pathway A: representative pictures of apoptosis detection in MCAO rats; A1: sham group; A2: MCAO group; A3: NST-L group; A4: NST-H group; B: quantitative analysis of apoptosis in MCAO rats; C: quantitative analysis of P-AKT/AKT, P-PI3K/PI3K, Bcl-2/Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3/GPAHD in Western blotting and representative Western blot analysis of P-AKT, AKT, P-PI3K, PI3K, Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, and GPAHD; C1: representative Western blot analysis of P-AKT/ AKT; C2: quantitative analysis of P-AKT/AKT; C3: representative Western blot analysis of P-PI3K/PI3K; C4: quantitative analysis of P-PI3K/PI3K; C5: representative Western blot analysis of Bcl-2/Bax; C6: quantitative analysis of Bcl-2/Bax; C7: representative Western blot analysis of cleaved-caspase-3; C8: quantitative analysis of cleaved-caspase-3/GPAHD. NST: Naoshuantong; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; AKT: akt serine/threonine kinase; P-AKT: phosphorylated-akt; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-Kinase; P-PI3K: phosphorylated-phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Bcl-2: b-cell lymphoma 2; Bax: bcl-2 associated x protein; GAPHD: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Sham: sham surgery group; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion group; NST-L: Naoshuantong low-dose group (0.5 g·kg-1;·d-1; of NST for 7 d); NST-H: Naoshuantong high-dose group (1 g·kg-1;·d-1; of NST for 7 d). One-way analysis of variance was employed to compare the mean between groups for statistical testing. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 5). Compared with sham group, aP < 0.05; compared with MCAO group, bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
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