Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 508-517.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2025.03.008
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Xiong's Shiwei Wendan decoction (熊氏十味温胆汤) attenuates plaque lesions and balances gut microbiota dysbiosis in ApoE-/- mice with high-fat diet
LIU Qian1(
), XIAO Liuchen2,3(), YUAN Yue1, DANG Xiaopeng1, WEN Jie1, TAN Moye4,5, LIU Yuxin1, GU Hongfeng6(), XIE Xuejiao7()
- 1 Graduate School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
2 Graduate School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
3 Department of preventive treatment of disease, Changde First Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changde 415099, China
4 Graduate School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
5 Department of Zhong jing' Theory, College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
6 Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment and Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
7 Department of Zhong jing' Theory, College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
-
Received:2024-02-22Accepted:2024-09-27Online:2025-06-15Published:2025-05-21 -
Contact:GU Hongfeng, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment and Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.ghf513@sina.com ; Prof. XIE Xuejiao, Department of Zhong jing' Theory, College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.003809@hnucm.edu.cn ,Telephone: +86-15200825927 -
Supported by:National Natural Science Foundation of China: the Anti-Atherosclerotic Mechanism of Xiong’s Shiwei Wendan decoction based on the Regulation of Reverse Cholesterol Transport via the MicroRNA-33A Adenosine Triphosphate-binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1/ Adenosine Triphosphate-binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 Pathway(81603600);Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China: the Anti-Atherosclerotic Mechanism of Xiong's Shiwei Wendan Decoction based on the Activation of Lipophagy Mediated by the AMP-activated Protein Kinase/Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Pathway(2021JJ30510);Health Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission: the An-ti-Atherosclerotic Mechanism of Xiong's Shiwei Wendan Decoction based on Lipophagy Mediated by the MicroRNA-499a-3p/ Autophagy-related 5 Pathway(D202303018265)
Cite this article
LIU Qian, XIAO Liuchen, YUAN Yue, DANG Xiaopeng, WEN Jie, TAN Moye, LIU Yuxin, GU Hongfeng, XIE Xuejiao. Xiong's Shiwei Wendan decoction (熊氏十味温胆汤) attenuates plaque lesions and balances gut microbiota dysbiosis in ApoE-/- mice with high-fat diet[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025, 45(3): 508-517.
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Figure 1 Effect of XSWD-medicated serum and XSWD on THP-1 macrophages differentiation A: CCK-8 assay for THP-1 macrophages cultured in the presence of 10% XSWD-containing serum; B: ORO staining of THP-1 macrophages (× 912, scale bars = 10 μm); B1: cells of the control group; B2: cells of the model group; B3: cells of the L-XSWD group; B4: cells of the M-XSWD group; B5: cells of the H-XSWD group; C: area of Oil Red O measured from the images shown in (B) using ImageJ software. Control: normal control (incubated by complete medium); Model: model group (25 μg/mL ox-LDL + complete medium); L-XSWD: low-dose XSWD group (25 μg/mL ox-LDL + 1.25 mg/mL XSWD); M-XSWD: medium-dose XSWD group (25 μg/mL ox-LDL + 2.5 mg/mL XSWD); H-XSWD: high-dose XSWD group (25 μg/mL ox-LDL + 5 mg/mL XSWD). XSWD: Xiong's Shiwei Wendan decoction; CCK-8: cell counting kit-8; THP-1: Tsuchiya human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-1; ORO: oil red O; ANOVA: analysis of variance. Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA. All data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). aP < 0.0001, compared with the control group; bP < 0.01 and cP < 0.001, compared with the model group.
Figure 1 Effect of XSWD-medicated serum and XSWD on THP-1 macrophages differentiation A: CCK-8 assay for THP-1 macrophages cultured in the presence of 10% XSWD-containing serum; B: ORO staining of THP-1 macrophages (× 912, scale bars = 10 μm); B1: cells of the control group; B2: cells of the model group; B3: cells of the L-XSWD group; B4: cells of the M-XSWD group; B5: cells of the H-XSWD group; C: area of Oil Red O measured from the images shown in (B) using ImageJ software. Control: normal control (incubated by complete medium); Model: model group (25 μg/mL ox-LDL + complete medium); L-XSWD: low-dose XSWD group (25 μg/mL ox-LDL + 1.25 mg/mL XSWD); M-XSWD: medium-dose XSWD group (25 μg/mL ox-LDL + 2.5 mg/mL XSWD); H-XSWD: high-dose XSWD group (25 μg/mL ox-LDL + 5 mg/mL XSWD). XSWD: Xiong's Shiwei Wendan decoction; CCK-8: cell counting kit-8; THP-1: Tsuchiya human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-1; ORO: oil red O; ANOVA: analysis of variance. Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA. All data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). aP < 0.0001, compared with the control group; bP < 0.01 and cP < 0.001, compared with the model group.
Figure 2 Effects of XSWD on AS lesions in ApoE-/- mice A: en face analysis of the aorta; A1: aorta of the control group; A2: aorta of the model group; A3: aorta of the atorvastatin group; A4: aorta of the L-XSWD group; A5: aorta of the M-XSWD group; A6: aorta of the H-XSWD group. B: ORO staining and analysis of aortic root plaque lesions (× 40, scale bars = 300 μm); B1: aortic root plaque lesions of the control group; B2: aortic root plaque lesions of the model group; B3: aortic root plaque lesions of the atorvastatin group; B4: aortic root plaque lesions of the L-XSWD group; B5: aortic root plaque lesions of the M-XSWD group; B6: aortic root plaque lesions of the H-XSWD group. C: lipid area of ORO in aortic root plaque. Control: normal control (fed by normal chow); Model: model group (fed by HFD); Atorvastatin: atorvastatin group (2.6 mg/kg atorvastatin + HFD); L-XSWD: low-dose XSWD group (9 g/kg XSWD + HFD); M-XSWD: medium-dose XSWD group (18 g/kg XSWD + HFD); H-XSWD: high-dose XSWD group (36 g/kg XSWD + HFD). XSWD: Xiong’s Shiwei Wendan decoction; ORO: oil red O; HFD: high-fat diet; ANOVA: analysis of variance. The statistical significance of lipid area was assessed by Welch’s ANOVA. All data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). aP < 0.001, compared with the control group; bP < 0.05, compared with the model group.
Figure 2 Effects of XSWD on AS lesions in ApoE-/- mice A: en face analysis of the aorta; A1: aorta of the control group; A2: aorta of the model group; A3: aorta of the atorvastatin group; A4: aorta of the L-XSWD group; A5: aorta of the M-XSWD group; A6: aorta of the H-XSWD group. B: ORO staining and analysis of aortic root plaque lesions (× 40, scale bars = 300 μm); B1: aortic root plaque lesions of the control group; B2: aortic root plaque lesions of the model group; B3: aortic root plaque lesions of the atorvastatin group; B4: aortic root plaque lesions of the L-XSWD group; B5: aortic root plaque lesions of the M-XSWD group; B6: aortic root plaque lesions of the H-XSWD group. C: lipid area of ORO in aortic root plaque. Control: normal control (fed by normal chow); Model: model group (fed by HFD); Atorvastatin: atorvastatin group (2.6 mg/kg atorvastatin + HFD); L-XSWD: low-dose XSWD group (9 g/kg XSWD + HFD); M-XSWD: medium-dose XSWD group (18 g/kg XSWD + HFD); H-XSWD: high-dose XSWD group (36 g/kg XSWD + HFD). XSWD: Xiong’s Shiwei Wendan decoction; ORO: oil red O; HFD: high-fat diet; ANOVA: analysis of variance. The statistical significance of lipid area was assessed by Welch’s ANOVA. All data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). aP < 0.001, compared with the control group; bP < 0.05, compared with the model group.
Figure 3 Effect of XSWD on serum lipid profile in ApoE-/- mice A: serum TG level. B: serum TC level. C: serum LDL level. D: serum HDL level. Control: normal control (fed by normal chow); Model: model group (fed by HFD); Atorvastatin: atorvastatin group (2.6 mg/kg atorvastatin + HFD); L-XSWD: low-dose XSWD group (9 g/kg XSWD + HFD); M-XSWD: medium-dose XSWD group (18 g/kg XSWD + HFD); H-XSWD: high-dose XSWD group (36 g/kg XSWD + HFD). XSWD: Xiong’s Shiwei Wendan decoction; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; HFD: high-fat diet; ANOVA: analysis of variance. Statistical significance of all data was assessed using one-way ANOVA. All data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). aP < 0.01 and bP < 0.05, compared with the model group.
Figure 3 Effect of XSWD on serum lipid profile in ApoE-/- mice A: serum TG level. B: serum TC level. C: serum LDL level. D: serum HDL level. Control: normal control (fed by normal chow); Model: model group (fed by HFD); Atorvastatin: atorvastatin group (2.6 mg/kg atorvastatin + HFD); L-XSWD: low-dose XSWD group (9 g/kg XSWD + HFD); M-XSWD: medium-dose XSWD group (18 g/kg XSWD + HFD); H-XSWD: high-dose XSWD group (36 g/kg XSWD + HFD). XSWD: Xiong’s Shiwei Wendan decoction; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; HFD: high-fat diet; ANOVA: analysis of variance. Statistical significance of all data was assessed using one-way ANOVA. All data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). aP < 0.01 and bP < 0.05, compared with the model group.
Figure 4 GM composition in AS mice after XSWD administration A: top 15 colonic gut microorganisms at phylum level; B: top 15 colonic gut microorganisms at genus level; C: Chao1 index of Alpha diversity; D: Shannon index of Alpha diversity; E: un-weighted unifrac PcoA plot. Control: normal control (fed by normal chow); Model: model group (fed by HFD); Atorvastatin: atorvastatin group (2.6 mg/kg atorvastatin + HFD); L-XSWD: low-dose XSWD group (9 g/kg XSWD + HFD); M-XSWD: medium-dose XSWD group (18 g/kg XSWD + HFD); H-XSWD: high-dose XSWD group (36 g/kg XSWD + HFD). GM: gut microbiota; AS: atherosclerosis; XSWD: Xiong’s Shiwei Wendan decoction; PcoA: principal coordinates analysis; HFD: high-fat diet. The statistical significance of Chao1 index and Shannon index were assessed by kruskal-wallis. All data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 5).
Figure 4 GM composition in AS mice after XSWD administration A: top 15 colonic gut microorganisms at phylum level; B: top 15 colonic gut microorganisms at genus level; C: Chao1 index of Alpha diversity; D: Shannon index of Alpha diversity; E: un-weighted unifrac PcoA plot. Control: normal control (fed by normal chow); Model: model group (fed by HFD); Atorvastatin: atorvastatin group (2.6 mg/kg atorvastatin + HFD); L-XSWD: low-dose XSWD group (9 g/kg XSWD + HFD); M-XSWD: medium-dose XSWD group (18 g/kg XSWD + HFD); H-XSWD: high-dose XSWD group (36 g/kg XSWD + HFD). GM: gut microbiota; AS: atherosclerosis; XSWD: Xiong’s Shiwei Wendan decoction; PcoA: principal coordinates analysis; HFD: high-fat diet. The statistical significance of Chao1 index and Shannon index were assessed by kruskal-wallis. All data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 5).
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