Zhuangyao Jianshen pill (壮腰健肾丸) ameliorates testosterone-induced benign postatic hyperplasia in rats

doi:10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20240627.001

Abstract

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To determine the therapeutic effects of the Zhuangyao Jianshen pill (壮腰健肾丸, ZYJSP) against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and investigate the underlying mechanism.

METHODS: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: Control group, BPH model group, finasteride-treated group, ZYJSP low, medium and high dose groups. Except for the control group, 40 rats were castrated and injected with testosterone propionate (TP) for 28 consecutive day to induce BPH. Meanwhile, the corresponding drugs were administered by gavage. The prostate wet weight, prostate index (PI), and the histopathological changes in the prostate were measured as the basis for examining the efficacy of ZYJSP against BPH. Levels of the serum sex hormones, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers, renal function markers, growth factors, and Cyclin D1 expression in prostate were measured to characterize the therapeutic mechanism of ZYJSP against BPH.

RESULTS: ZYJSP administration significantly reduced prostate wet weight and PI and ameliorated histological changes of the prostate in TP-treated castrated rats. TP markedly increased the levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and growth factors in the serum as well as the expression of the Cyclin D1 in the prostate. Most of these markers were significantly decreased by ZYJSP. ZYJSP significantly restored the dysregulation of testosterone, estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone caused by TP. Furthermore, ZYJSP relieved TP-induced prostate injury and exhibited both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity by decreasing interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and malondialdehyde levels and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase in the serum.

CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that ZYJSP can effectively ameliorate BPH induced by TP in castrated rats, and the underlying mechanism might be related to regulating sex hormone balance, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting the inflammatory response.

Key words: prostatic hyperplasia, rat, testosterone propionate, Zhuangyao Jianshen pill

ZHENG Jingrui, CHEN Weijian, YE Binbin, MO Ziyao, DU Qunqun, QIN Renan, NIE Ke. Zhuangyao Jianshen pill (壮腰健肾丸) ameliorates testosterone-induced benign postatic hyperplasia in rats[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(4): 694-702.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Body weight, prostate wet weight and prostate index

Group	n	Body weight (g)	Prostate wet weight (g)	Prostate index (mg/g)
Con	8	535.600±8.920	1.576±0.102	2.940±0.169
BPH	8	451.900±9.540^a	2.413±0.043^a	5.354±0.134^a
Fin	8	478.700±9.690	1.970±0.029^b	4.124±0.079^d
ZYJSP 0.6 g/kg	8	464.400±13.820	2.043±0.133^c	4.448±0.253^b
ZYJSP 1.2 g/kg	8	459.000±12.450	1.954±0.042^b	4.271±0.112^d
ZYJSP 2.4 g/kg	8	458.800±11.790	2.049±0.085^c	4.469±0.153^b

Figure 1 HE staining of prostate of rats in each group (× 100) A1: control group, × 100 original image; B1: BPH model group, × 100 original image; C1: finasteride-treated group, × 100 original image; D1: ZYJSP low dose group, × 100 original image; E1: ZYJSP medium dose group, × 100 original image; F1: ZYJSP high dose group, × 100 original image; A2: control group, partially enlarged pictures × 200; B2: BPH model group, partially enlarged pictures × 200; C2: finasteride-treated group, partially enlarged pictures × 200; D2: ZYJSP low dose group, partially enlarged pictures × 200; E2: ZYJSP medium dose group, partially enlarged pictures × 200; F2: ZYJSP high dose group, partially enlarged pictures × 200. Control group: intraperitoneal injection with normal saline, twice a week for 4 weeks; gavaged with ultrapure water daily, 28 d. BPH model group: Intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate for 28 d; gavaged with ultrapure water daily, 28 d. Finasteride-treated group: Intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate for 28 d; gavaged with finasteride (1.05 mg/kg) daily, 28 d. ZYJSP low dose group: Intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate for 28 d; gavaged with ZYJSP (0.6 g/kg) daily, 28 d. ZYJSP medium dose group: Intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate for 28 d; gavaged with ZYJSP (1.2 g/kg) daily, 28 d. ZYJSP high dose group: Intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate for 28 d; gavaged with ZYJSP (2.4 g/kg) daily, 28 d. BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia; ZYJSP: Zhuangyao Jianshen pill; HE: hematoxylin and eosin.

Table 2 Effect of ZYJSP on sex hormone levels in BPH rats

Group	n	DHT (nmol/L)	E2 (ng/L)	T (nmol/L)	E2/T
Con	8	3.69±0.05	114.20±4.00	8.23±0.13	13.88±0.48
BPH	8	5.16±0.06^a	98.95±1.04^a	11.67±0.73^a	8.48±0.11^a
Fin	8	3.87±0.04^b	120.10±1.26^b	8.87±0.09^b	13.54±0.20^b
ZYJSP 0.6 g/kg	8	4.37±0.04^b	113.80±0.68^b	9.81±0.14^b	11.62±0.21^b
ZYJSP 1.2 g/kg	8	4.13±0.06^b	115.40±1.05^b	9.32±1.00^b	12.40±0.22^b
ZYJSP 2.4 g/kg	8	4.15±0.65^b	116.80±1.43^b	9.20±0.14^b	12.71±0.16^b

Table 3 Effect of ZYJSP on IL-6 and IL-8 levels in BPH rats

Group	n	IL-6 (pg/mL)	IL-8 (ng/L)
Con	8	26.7±1.8	45.3±2.9
BPH	8	56.2±2.2^a	150.9±6.7^a
Fin	8	30.8±3.1^b	71.9±4.1^b
ZYJSP 0.6 g/kg	8	41.1±2.6^c	91.6±8.1^b
ZYJSP 1.2 g/kg	8	37.1±3.6^d	87.6±4.5^b
ZYJSP 2.4 g/kg	8	40.6±5.1^c	111.2±4.3^b

Table 4 Effect of ZYJSP on MDA and SOD levels in BPH rats

Group	n	MDA (nmol/mL)	SOD (U/mL)
Con	8	12.4±0.9	100.5±2.9
BPH	8	20.4±0.9^a	78.6±4.0^e
Fin	8	12.0±1.3^b	93.9±2.8^c
ZYJSP 0.6 g/kg	8	12.5±1.7^c	92.2±1.6^d
ZYJSP 1.2 g/kg	8	13.4±1.3^c	94.4±3.4^c
ZYJSP 2.4 g/kg	8	14.0±1.7^d	91.8±2.4^d

Table 5 Effect of ZYJSP on BUN and CRE levels in BPH rats

Group	n	BUN (mmol/L)	CRE (μmol/L)
Con	8	5.38±0.36	45.07±3.60
BPH	8	6.63±0.25^a	46.14±4.80
Fin	8	5.32±0.43^b	41.27±3.37
ZYJSP 0.6 g/kg	8	6.03±0.19	40.69±3.79
ZYJSP 1.2 g/kg	8	5.58±0.23	37.36±3.58
ZYJSP 2.4 g/kg	8	6.49±0.19	39.03±3.29

Table 6 Effect of ZYJSP on EGF and IGF-1 levels in BPH rats

Group	n	EGF (pg/mL)	IGF-1 (ng/mL)
Con	8	41.2±3.8	250.7±11.6
BPH	8	66.3±5.2^a	393.4±23.3^a
Fin	8	45.0±4.2^b	274.1±15.6^c
ZYJSP 0.6 g/kg	8	48.0±4.3^c	293.1±28.3^c
ZYJSP 1.2 g/kg	8	46.1±2.7^c	290.7±21.4^c
ZYJSP 2.4 g/kg	8	53.4±4.0	321.2±33.8

Figure 2 Section of prostate tissues reacting with Cyclin D1 primary antibody (× 100) A1: control group, × 100 original image; B1: BPH model group, × 100 original image; C1: finasteride-treated group, × 100 original image; D1: ZYJSP low dose group, × 100 original image; E1: ZYJSP medium dose group, × 100 original image; F1: ZYJSP high dose group, × 100 original image; A2: control group, partially enlarged pictures × 200; B2: BPH model group, partially enlarged pictures × 200; C2: finasteride-treated group, partially enlarged pictures × 200; D2: ZYJSP low dose group, partially enlarged pictures × 200; E2: ZYJSP medium dose group, partially enlarged pictures × 200; F2: ZYJSP high dose group, partially enlarged pictures × 200. Control group: intraperitoneal injection with normal saline, twice a week for 4 weeks; gavaged with ultrapure water daily, 28 d. BPH model group: Intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate for 28 d; gavaged with ultrapure water daily, 28 d. Finasteride-treated group: Intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate for 28 d; gavaged with finasteride (1.05 mg/kg) daily, 28 d. ZYJSP low dose group: Intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate for 28 d; gavaged with ZYJSP (0.6 g/kg) daily, 28 d. ZYJSP medium dose group: Intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate for 28 d; gavaged with ZYJSP (1.2 g/kg) daily, 28 d. ZYJSP high dose group: Intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate for 28 d; gavaged with ZYJSP (2.4 g/kg) daily, 28 d. BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia; ZYJSP: Zhuangyao Jianshen pill.

References 45.

1.	Sarma AV, Wei JT. Clinical practice. Benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 248-57.
2.	Stroup SP, Palazzi-Churas K, Kopp RP, et al. Trends in adverse events of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the USA, 1998 to 2008. BJU Int 2012; 109: 84-7. DOI PMID
3.	Minh TD, Thanh Ha TN, Duy TN, et al. Linh Phu Khang Tue Tinh inhibited prostate proliferation in rats induced benign prostatic hyperplasia by testosterone propionate. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 279: 114388.
4.	Zuo T, Guo L, Miao M. Effects of Wuji Baifeng Wan on biochemical indexes and tissue morphology in benign prostate hyperplasia rats. Zhong Hua Zhong Yi Yao Za Zhi 2015; 30: 3253-6.
5.	Carson C, Rittmaster R. The role of dihydrotestosterone in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology 2003; 61: 2-7. DOI PMID
6.	Jin BR, Kim HJ, Park SK, et al. Anti-proliferative effects of hbx-5 on progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Molecules 2018; 23: 2638.
7.	Xue B, Wu S, Sharkey C, et al. Obesity-associated inflammation induces androgenic to estrogenic switch in the prostate gland. Prostatic Dis 2020; 23: 465-74.
8.	Hendriksen PJ, Dits NF, Kokame K, et al. Evolution of the androgen receptor pathway during progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2006; 66: 5012-20. DOI PMID
9.	Nicholson TM, Moses MA, Uchtmann KS, et al. Estrogen receptor-α is a key mediator and therapeutic target for bladder complications of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 2015; 193: 722-9. DOI PMID
10.	Cao DH, Liu LR, Li L, et al. Pathological characteristics of CD40/CD40L and NF-κB proteins related to inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue: a retrospective study of 120 cases. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2017; 10: 10863-72.
11.	Shen G, Kong AN. Nrf2 plays an important role in coordinated regulation of Phase Ⅱ drug metabolism enzymes and Phase Ⅲ drug transporters. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2009; 30: 345-55.
12.	Zhang L, Xie H, Yan M, et al. Effects of Kelong capsule on benign prostatic hyperplasia rat model and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Zhong Guo Shi Yan Fang Ji Xue Za Zhi 2018; 24: 87-91.
13.	Yang X, Yuan L, Xiong C, et al. Abacopteris penangiana exerts testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia protective effect through regulating inflammatory responses, reducing oxidative stress and anti-proliferative. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 157: 105-13. DOI PMID
14.	Duclos AJ, Lee CT, Shoskes DA. Current treatment options in the management of chronic prostatitis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2007; 3: 507-12.
15.	Traish AM. Health risks associated with long-term finasteride and dutasteride use: it's time to sound the alarm. World J Mens Health 2020; 38: 323-37. DOI PMID
16.	Lyu Y. Pharmacological study on Zhuangyao Jianshen pill. Zhong Yao Cai 1993; 9: 36-8.
17.	Lian Q, He F, Mo G, et al. Effect of Zhuangyao Jianshen Wan on the reproductive system in mice. Guangdong Yao Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2015; 31: 215-8.
18.	Li G, Xu Z, Lu Y, Li C. Gene chip study on the anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects of Zhuangyao Jianshen pill. Zhong Yao Cai 2006; 37: 365-7.
19.	Hu J, Hu Z. Effects of Zhuangyao Jianshen pill on blood routine and serum biochemical indexes of immunosuppressed mice. You Jiang Min Zu Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2021; 43: 460-4.
20.	Kim SR, Ha AW, Choi HJ, et al. Corn silk extract improves benign prostatic hyperplasia in experimental rat model. Nutr Res Pract 2017; 11: 373-80. DOI PMID
21.	Gandaglia G, Briganti A, Gontero P, et al. The role of chronic prostatic inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BJU Int 2013; 112: 432-41. DOI PMID
22.	Cai H, Zhang G, Yan Z, et al. The effect of Xialiqi capsule on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018; 2018: 5367814.
23.	Isaacs JT. Antagonistic effect of androgen on prostatic cell death. Prostate 1984; 5: 545-57. DOI PMID
24.	Wang Z, Hu L, Salari K, et al. Androgenic to oestrogenic switch in the human adult prostate gland is regulated by epigenetic silencing of steroid 5α-reductase 2. J Pathol 2017; 243: 457-67.
25.	Tong Y, Zhou RY. Review of the roles and interaction of androgen and inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020: 7958316.
26.	Yang L, Huang C, Lang D, et al. Effects of Lycium barbarum flavonoids on serum sex hormones in benign prostatic hyperplasia rats. Heilongjiang Xu Mu Shou Yi 2015; 19: 240-1+4.
27.	Ghosh D, Egbuta C, Lo J. Testosterone complex and non-steroidal ligands of human aromatase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 181: 11-9.
28.	Wu Q, Zhou Y, Chen L, et al. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) epithelial cell line BPH-1 induces aromatase expression in prostatic stromal cells via prostaglandin E2. J Endocrinol 2007; 195: 89-94.
29.	Jin BR, Ju JY, Nugroho A, et al. Carica papaya leaf extract inhibits prostatitis-associated prostatic hyperplasia via the TRAF6/TAK1/MEK/NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135: 111197.
30.	Lotti F, Maggi M. Interleukin 8 and the male genital tract. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 100: 54-65. DOI PMID
31.	Steiner GE, Stix U, Handisurya A, et al. Cytokine expression pattern in benign prostatic hyperplasia infiltrating T cells and impact of lymphocytic infiltration on cytokine mRNA profile in prostatic tissue. Lab Invest 2003; 83: 1131-46. DOI PMID
32.	Kullisaar T, Türk S, Punab M, et al. Oxidative stress--cause or con-sequence of male genital tract disorders? Prostate 2012; 72: 977-83. DOI PMID
33.	Hamid AR, Umbas R, Mochtar CA. Recent role of inflammation in prostate diseases: chemoprevention development opportunity. Acta Medica Indonesiana. 2011; 43: 59-65. PMID
34.	Meagher EA, FitzGerald GA. Indices of lipid peroxidation in vivo: strengths and limitations. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 28: 1745-50.
35.	Guo X. Study on the mechanism and clinical of rape bee pollen against benign prostatic hyperplasia. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2019: 25-6+9.
36.	Zlotta AR, Egawa S, Pushkar D, et al. Prevalence of inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia on autopsy in Asian and Caucasian men. Eur Urol 2014; 66: 619-22. DOI PMID
37.	Tacklind J, Fink HA, Macdonald R, et al. Finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 2010: CD006015.
38.	Oosterhoff JK, Grootegoed JA, Blok LJ. Expression profiling of androgen-dependent and -independent LNCaP cells: EGF versus androgen signalling. Endocr Relat Cancer 2005; 12: 135-48.
39.	De Nunzio C, Kramer G, Marberger M, et al. The controversial relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: the role of inflammation. Eur urol 2011; 60: 106-17. DOI PMID
40.	Abdel-Naim AB, Neamatallah T, Eid BG, et al. Ashour OM. α2-methoxyestradiol attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostate hyperplasia in rats through inhibition of HIF-1α/TGF-β/Smad2 axis. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018: 4389484.
41.	Abo-Youssef AM, Afify H, Azouz AA, Abdel-Rahman HM, Abdel-Naim AB, Allam S. Febuxostat attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats via inhibiting JAK/STAT axis. Life Sci 2020; 260: 118414.
42.	Valdivielso JM, Jacobs-Cachá C, Soler MJ. Sex hormones and their influence on chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2019; 28: 1-9.
43.	Park KM, Kim JI, Ahn Y, et al. Testosterone is responsible for enhanced susceptibility of males to ischemic renal injury. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 52282-92. DOI PMID
44.	Chen Y, Jin S, Teng X, et al. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates LPS-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018: 6717212.
45.	Feng W. The value assessment of the relevant indicators concerning impaired renal function caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. Chongqing: Chongqing Medical University, 2012: 8.

[1]	SONG Zhenguang, YANG Bin, WANG Fei, YAN Dongmei, ZHOU Xiaoqing, HUANG Liping, GAO Xuemei, LI Bin, HUANG Luqi. Study on the four Qi of Pfaffia glomerata based on the metabolomics technology and comparison of Dangshen (Radix Codonopsis) in the equivalent substitution prescription [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(4): 713-721.
[2]	SUN Junjian, XIE Henghui, LI Huanhuan, TIAN Xiangming, FANG Yigong, ZHOU Wenhui. Acupuncture improves the live birth of patients with repeated implantation failure: a retrospective cohort study [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(4): 830-838.
[3]	ZHANG Jing, WANG Chunhui, JIN Xinyan, YU Miao, FAN Yingyi, HAN Xiaoli, PEI Xiaohua. International standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine techniques: the operating specifications for Chinese medicated bath (2022) [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(4): 851-854.
[4]	ZHANG Zeyu, JIA Zhuangzhuang, SONG Yuwei, ZHANG Xuan, WANG Ci, WANG Shuai, ZHANG Peipei, REN Qiuan, WANG Xianliang, MAO Jingyuan. Optimized new Shengmai powder (优化新生脉散方) inhibits myocardial fibrosis in heart failure by regulating the rat sarcoma/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinases signaling pathway [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(3): 448-457.
[5]	LI Shuang, DUAN Shuwei, DONG Zheyi, QU Yilun, LUO Yayong, KE Jianghua, WANG Conghui, PENG Yangzhi, ZHOU Xuefeng, CHEN Xiangmei. Distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes in diabetic kidney disease chronic kidney disease 1-5: a correlation study [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(3): 572-580.
[6]	YIN Lingjia, STÅLSBY LUNDBORG Cecilia, WU Darong, YANG Jinghua, ALVESSON Helle Mølsted, CAI Jianxiong, LU Taoying, XIE Qianwen, MARRONE Gaetano. Effect of pediatric Tuina on children's recurrent acute respiratory tract infections: a retrospective cohort study in Southern China [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(3): 586-594.
[7]	CHU Mengzhen, WANG Yu, LIN Zhijian, Lyu Jintao, ZHANG Xiaomeng, ZHANG Bing. Investigation of the active ingredients and mechanism of Shuangling extract in dextran sulfate sodium salt induced ulcerative colitis mice based on network pharmacology and experimental verification [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(3): 478-488.
[8]	YU Zhengqiu, YU Liuda, CHEN Ye, LI Mingjing, CAI Wanru. Effectiveness and safety of Qidong Huoxue decoction (芪冬活血饮) in treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(2): 381-387.
[9]	ZHANG Linlin, ZHONG Yumei, LU Wenting, SHANG Yanan, GUO Yanding, LUO Xiaochao, CHEN Yang, LUO Kun, HU Danhui, YU Huiling, ZHOU Haiyan. Moxibustion of Zusanli (ST36) and Shenshu (BL23) alleviates the inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis in rats through regulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor/glucocorticoids signaling [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(2): 353-361.
[10]	QIN Xiaoyu, WANG Chunai, XUE Jianjun, ZHANG Jie, LU Xiaoting, DING Shengshuang, GE Long, WANG Minzhen. Efficacy of electroacupuncture on myocardial protection and postoperative rehabilitation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review and Meta-analysis [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(1): 1-15.
[11]	DAI Xiaoling, ZHANG Anming, LIN Hui, SHI Bei, REN Yi, WEN Hongzhu, FEI Xiaoyan, LIN Jiang. Qingchang suppositry (清肠栓) induced remission in patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative proctitis: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, parallel-controlled clinical trial [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(1): 156-162.
[12]	LI Xiuyan, LUO Yuting, WANG Jinhui, DU Zhimin. Formulation, characterization and in vivo and in vitro evaluation of aloe-emodin-loaded solid dispersions for dissolution enhancement [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(1): 54-62.
[13]	WANG Jiabao, ZHANG Lishuang, NIU Baihan, YU Yajun, YANG Fengwen, MIAO Lin, CHAI Lijuan, DING Xinya, SUN Yingjie, WANG Yujing, WANG Lin, ZHANG Han, WANG Yi, LI Lin. Efficacy and safety of Weichang’ an pill (胃肠安丸) combined with Western Medicine on gastrointestinal diseases: a systematic review and Meta-analysis [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2023, 43(6): 1057-1067.
[14]	ZHUANG Xingxing, LIU Tao, WEI Liangbing, SONG Junmei, GAO Jiarong. Qiteng Xiaozhuo granules (芪藤消浊颗粒) medicated serum inhibits excessive proliferation and promotes apoptosis of human glomerular mesangial cells by targeting fat mass and obesity associated proteins [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2023, 43(6): 1072-1080.
[15]	YANG Xiaohui, WANG Jian, CHENG Li, ZHANG Yuxi, HUANG Jianlin, LIU Minghua. Active compounds of Caodoukou (Semen Alpinia Katsumadai) inhibit the migration, invasion and metastasis of human pancreatic cancer cells by targeting phosphoinosmde-3-kinase/ protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2023, 43(5): 876-886.

Home

Online First

Author Center

Reviewer Center

Issues

Announcement

About Us