Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 934-943.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230630.001
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Efficacy of verbascoside, echinacoside, crenatoside on altitude-induced fatigue in rats and possible mechanism
GUO Ziliang1,2, QIAN Qingyuan3, LI Xiaolin4, ZHU Yuting5, REN Jun6, LI Maoxing7,8(
)
- 1 College of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
2 Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese of the People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
3 College of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
4 Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese of the People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
5 Department of Pharmacy, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong 723000, China
6 Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese of the People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
7 Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese of the People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
8 College of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Received:2022-06-19Accepted:2022-09-01Online:2023-10-15Published:2023-06-30 -
Contact:Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.limaox2020@aliyun.com . Telephone: +86-13309480708 -
Supported by:Logistics Research Projects: the Project of Preparation of Crocetin Nanoparticles and Study on the Mechanism of Enhancing the Efficiency of Military Operations at High Altitude(CLB21J036);Top Cultivation Project: the Role of Crocetin in Improving Military Operations Efficiency in High Altitude Hypoxic Environments(2021yxky001);Youth Cultivation Project: Screening and Mechanism Study of Phenylethanol Glycosides and Their Metabolites Against High Altitude Hypoxia Activity(2021yxky060);Open Fund Project of the Collaborative Innovation Center Jointly Constructed by the Northwest China Tibet Medicine Province and Ministry: the Open Foundation of Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Co-constructed by Gansu Province and MOE of PRC(Xbzzy-2022-06);Gansu Provincial Health Industry Research Project: Study on the Anti-Hypoxia and Anti-fatigue Effects and Mechanisms of Crocin(GSWSKY2020-41);National Youth Fund: Study on the Dual Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Homeostasis Based on the PI3K/Akt Pathway-the Mechanism of Action of Z-myristosterone against Ischemic Stroke(82003982)
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GUO Ziliang, QIAN Qingyuan, LI Xiaolin, ZHU Yuting, REN Jun, LI Maoxing. Efficacy of verbascoside, echinacoside, crenatoside on altitude-induced fatigue in rats and possible mechanism[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2023, 43(5): 934-943.
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Table 1 Structural formula of Phenylethanoid glycosides
| Structure | Name |
|---|---|
 | Verbascoside |
 | Echinacoside |
 | Crenatoside |
Table 1 Structural formula of Phenylethanoid glycosides
| Structure | Name |
|---|---|
| | Verbascoside |
| | Echinacoside |
| | Crenatoside |
Figure 1 Histochemical hematoxylin-eosin staining of the liver and muscle in each group (× 400) A: muscle HE staining; B: liver HE staining. A1, B1: NCG; A2, B2: HMG; A3, B3: VG; A4, B4: EG; A5, B5: CG; A6, B6: RG. NCG, HMG were administered with 10 mL/kg distilled water. VG, EG, CG were administrated with 150 mg/kg of verbascoside, echinacoside, and crenatoside, respectively. RG was administrated with 350 mg/kg of rhodiola. HE: hematoxylin-eosin; NCG: normoxic control group; HMG: hypoxia model group; VG: verbascoside group; EG: echinacoside group; CG: crenatoside group; RG: rhodiola group.
Figure 1 Histochemical hematoxylin-eosin staining of the liver and muscle in each group (× 400) A: muscle HE staining; B: liver HE staining. A1, B1: NCG; A2, B2: HMG; A3, B3: VG; A4, B4: EG; A5, B5: CG; A6, B6: RG. NCG, HMG were administered with 10 mL/kg distilled water. VG, EG, CG were administrated with 150 mg/kg of verbascoside, echinacoside, and crenatoside, respectively. RG was administrated with 350 mg/kg of rhodiola. HE: hematoxylin-eosin; NCG: normoxic control group; HMG: hypoxia model group; VG: verbascoside group; EG: echinacoside group; CG: crenatoside group; RG: rhodiola group.
Table 2 Results of energy storage substances detection in liver and muscle (mg/g, $\bar{x}±s$)
| Group | Dose (mg/kg) | Liver glycogen content | Muscle glycogen content |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCG | - | 4.06±1.70 | 0.68±0.12 |
| HMG | - | 1.76±0.36a | 0.34±0.06c |
| VG | 150 | 2.40±0.66b | 0.48±0.09d |
| EG | 150 | 2.36±0.76 | 0.37±0.10 |
| CG | 150 | 1.92±0.34 | 0.35±0.12 |
| RG | 350 | 1.75±0.45 | 0.42±0.07b |
Table 2 Results of energy storage substances detection in liver and muscle (mg/g, $\bar{x}±s$)
| Group | Dose (mg/kg) | Liver glycogen content | Muscle glycogen content |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCG | - | 4.06±1.70 | 0.68±0.12 |
| HMG | - | 1.76±0.36a | 0.34±0.06c |
| VG | 150 | 2.40±0.66b | 0.48±0.09d |
| EG | 150 | 2.36±0.76 | 0.37±0.10 |
| CG | 150 | 1.92±0.34 | 0.35±0.12 |
| RG | 350 | 1.75±0.45 | 0.42±0.07b |
Figure 2 Results of MDH, SDH, PK, and LDH enzyme activity A: MDH; B: SDH; C: PK; D: LDH. NCG, HMG were administered with 10 mL/kg distilled water. VG, EG, CG were administrated with 150 mg/kg of verbascoside, echinacoside, and crenatoside, respectively. RG was administrated with 350 mg/kg of rhodiola. MDH: malate dehydrogenase; SDH: succinate dehydrogenase; PK: pyruvate kinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; NCG: normoxic control group; HMG: hypoxia model group; VG: verbascoside group; EG: echinacoside group; CG: crenatoside group; RG: rhodiola group. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 10). aP < 0.05, cP < 0.01 vs NCG, bP < 0.05, dP < 0.01 vs medication group
Figure 2 Results of MDH, SDH, PK, and LDH enzyme activity A: MDH; B: SDH; C: PK; D: LDH. NCG, HMG were administered with 10 mL/kg distilled water. VG, EG, CG were administrated with 150 mg/kg of verbascoside, echinacoside, and crenatoside, respectively. RG was administrated with 350 mg/kg of rhodiola. MDH: malate dehydrogenase; SDH: succinate dehydrogenase; PK: pyruvate kinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; NCG: normoxic control group; HMG: hypoxia model group; VG: verbascoside group; EG: echinacoside group; CG: crenatoside group; RG: rhodiola group. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 10). aP < 0.05, cP < 0.01 vs NCG, bP < 0.05, dP < 0.01 vs medication group
Figure 3 Results of PA and LA content A: PA; B: LA. NCG, HMG were administered with 10 mL/kg distilled water. VG, EG, CG were administrated with 150 mg/kg of verbascoside, echinacoside, and crenatoside, respectively. RG was administrated with 350 mg/kg of rhodiola. PA: pyruvate; LA: lactic acid; NCG: normoxic control group; HMG: hypoxia model group; VG: verbascoside group; EG: echinacoside group; CG: crenatoside group; RG: rhodiola group. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 10). aP < 0.01 vs NCG, bP < 0.01, cP < 0.05 vs medication group.
Figure 3 Results of PA and LA content A: PA; B: LA. NCG, HMG were administered with 10 mL/kg distilled water. VG, EG, CG were administrated with 150 mg/kg of verbascoside, echinacoside, and crenatoside, respectively. RG was administrated with 350 mg/kg of rhodiola. PA: pyruvate; LA: lactic acid; NCG: normoxic control group; HMG: hypoxia model group; VG: verbascoside group; EG: echinacoside group; CG: crenatoside group; RG: rhodiola group. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 10). aP < 0.01 vs NCG, bP < 0.01, cP < 0.05 vs medication group.
Table 3 Results of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity detection in muscle group (U/mgprot, $\bar{x}±s$)
| Group | Dose (mg/kg) | Na+-K+-ATPase | Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCG | - | 16.34±3.11 | 8.52±2.97 |
| HMG | - | 12.49±1.50a | 5.34±1.89a |
| VG | 150 | 15.85±2.97b | 8.43±1.81c |
| EG | 150 | 15.18±1.97c | 5.80±1.70 |
| CG | 150 | 14.16±1.62b | 6.03±1.29 |
| RG | 350 | 15.11±2.17b | 8.02±1.73b |
Table 3 Results of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity detection in muscle group (U/mgprot, $\bar{x}±s$)
| Group | Dose (mg/kg) | Na+-K+-ATPase | Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCG | - | 16.34±3.11 | 8.52±2.97 |
| HMG | - | 12.49±1.50a | 5.34±1.89a |
| VG | 150 | 15.85±2.97b | 8.43±1.81c |
| EG | 150 | 15.18±1.97c | 5.80±1.70 |
| CG | 150 | 14.16±1.62b | 6.03±1.29 |
| RG | 350 | 15.11±2.17b | 8.02±1.73b |
Figure 4 Results of Oxidative Stress Content A: ROS; B: MDA; C: GSH; D: T-SOD. NCG, HMG were administered with 10 mL/kg distilled water. VG, EG, CG were administrated with 150 mg/kg of verbascoside, echinacoside, and crenatoside, respectively. RG was administrated with 350 mg/kg of rhodiola. ROS: reactive oxygen species; MDA: malondialdehyde; GSH: glutathione; T-SOD: total superoxide dismutase; NCG: normoxic control group; HMG: hypoxia model group; VG: verbascoside group; EG: echinacoside group; CG: crenatoside group; RG: rhodiola group. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 10). aP < 0.01, cP < 0.05 vs NCG, bP < 0.05, dP < 0.01 vs medication group.
Figure 4 Results of Oxidative Stress Content A: ROS; B: MDA; C: GSH; D: T-SOD. NCG, HMG were administered with 10 mL/kg distilled water. VG, EG, CG were administrated with 150 mg/kg of verbascoside, echinacoside, and crenatoside, respectively. RG was administrated with 350 mg/kg of rhodiola. ROS: reactive oxygen species; MDA: malondialdehyde; GSH: glutathione; T-SOD: total superoxide dismutase; NCG: normoxic control group; HMG: hypoxia model group; VG: verbascoside group; EG: echinacoside group; CG: crenatoside group; RG: rhodiola group. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 10). aP < 0.01, cP < 0.05 vs NCG, bP < 0.05, dP < 0.01 vs medication group.
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