Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 927-940.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2026.04.013
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Mechanism of Yangxin Dawa Yimixike Mi Gao (养心达瓦) for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: an integrative study of network pharmacology and in vivo and in vitro validation
DONG Yuwei1, RAN Qingzhi2, ABDULLA Rahima1, MAITINUER Maiwulanjiang1, TIAN Fang1, AISA Haji Akber1(
)
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State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization ,Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China
2Center for Experimental Medicine ,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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Received:2025-10-22Accepted:2026-04-27Online:2026-08-15Published:2026-08-08 -
Contact:AISA Haji Akber, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China haji@ms.xjb.ac.cn.,Telephone: +86-991-3835679
Cite this article
DONG Yuwei, RAN Qingzhi, ABDULLA Rahima, MAITINUER Maiwulanjiang, TIAN Fang, AISA Haji Akber. Mechanism of Yangxin Dawa Yimixike Mi Gao (养心达瓦) for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: an integrative study of network pharmacology and in vivo and in vitro validation[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2026, 46(4): 927-940.
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Figure 1 Effect of YXDW on myocardial I/R injury in rats A: HCG in rat heart before and after modeling; A1: coronary ligation; A2: post-coronary ligation; A1, A2: 25 ms/div, 500 uv, 0.2 s, 30 Hz; B: histopathological changes in myocardium of I/R injured mice; B1: Normal; B2: Model; B3: Fosinopril; B4: YXDW-L; B5: YXDW-M; B6: YXDW-H; C: histogram of CK-MB level and histogram of LDH levels; C1: CK-MB level; C2: LDH levels. Rats were assigned to six groups (n = 15/group): Normal, Model, Fosinopril, YXDW low-dose (YXDW-L), medium-dose (YXDW-Z), and high-dose (YXDW-H). The Normal group received no I/R surgery, whereas the remaining groups underwent 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Beginning 2 h after reperfusion, rats received vehicle, fosinopril (3.60 mg/kg), or YXDW at 0.27, 0.54, or 1.08 g/kg by oral gavage once daily for 14 d. YXDW: Yangxin Dawa Yimixike Mi Gao; I/R: ischemia/reperfusion; HCG: electrocardiogram; CK-MB: creatine kinase-myocardial band; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. aP < 0.05, compared with the Normal group; bP < 0.05, compared with the Model group; cP < 0.05, compared with the YXDW-L group.
Figure 1 Effect of YXDW on myocardial I/R injury in rats A: HCG in rat heart before and after modeling; A1: coronary ligation; A2: post-coronary ligation; A1, A2: 25 ms/div, 500 uv, 0.2 s, 30 Hz; B: histopathological changes in myocardium of I/R injured mice; B1: Normal; B2: Model; B3: Fosinopril; B4: YXDW-L; B5: YXDW-M; B6: YXDW-H; C: histogram of CK-MB level and histogram of LDH levels; C1: CK-MB level; C2: LDH levels. Rats were assigned to six groups (n = 15/group): Normal, Model, Fosinopril, YXDW low-dose (YXDW-L), medium-dose (YXDW-Z), and high-dose (YXDW-H). The Normal group received no I/R surgery, whereas the remaining groups underwent 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Beginning 2 h after reperfusion, rats received vehicle, fosinopril (3.60 mg/kg), or YXDW at 0.27, 0.54, or 1.08 g/kg by oral gavage once daily for 14 d. YXDW: Yangxin Dawa Yimixike Mi Gao; I/R: ischemia/reperfusion; HCG: electrocardiogram; CK-MB: creatine kinase-myocardial band; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. aP < 0.05, compared with the Normal group; bP < 0.05, compared with the Model group; cP < 0.05, compared with the YXDW-L group.
Figure 2 Biomedical experimental validation A: Masson staining; B: tunel apoptosis staining; C: cardiac ultrasound; A1, B1: Normal; A2, B2: Model; A3, B3: Fosinopril; A4, B4: YXDW-L; A5, B5: YXDW-M; A6, B6: YXDW-H; C1: echocardiographic LVESD; C2: echocardiographic LVFS; C3: echocardiographic LVEF. Rats were assigned to six groups (n = 15/group): Normal, Model, Fosinopril, YXDW low-dose (YXDW-L), medium-dose (YXDW-Z), and high-dose (YXDW-H). The Normal group received no I/R surgery, whereas the remaining groups underwent 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Beginning 2 h after reperfusion, rats received vehicle, fosinopril (3.60 mg/kg), or YXDW at 0.27, 0.54, or 1.08 g/kg by oral gavage once daily for 14 d. YXDW: Yangxin Dawa Yimixike Mi Gao; I/R: ischemia/reperfusion; LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVFS: left ventricular fractional shortening; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. aP < 0.05, compared with the Normal group; bP < 0.05, compared with the Model group; cP < 0.05, compared with the YXDW-L group.
Figure 2 Biomedical experimental validation A: Masson staining; B: tunel apoptosis staining; C: cardiac ultrasound; A1, B1: Normal; A2, B2: Model; A3, B3: Fosinopril; A4, B4: YXDW-L; A5, B5: YXDW-M; A6, B6: YXDW-H; C1: echocardiographic LVESD; C2: echocardiographic LVFS; C3: echocardiographic LVEF. Rats were assigned to six groups (n = 15/group): Normal, Model, Fosinopril, YXDW low-dose (YXDW-L), medium-dose (YXDW-Z), and high-dose (YXDW-H). The Normal group received no I/R surgery, whereas the remaining groups underwent 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Beginning 2 h after reperfusion, rats received vehicle, fosinopril (3.60 mg/kg), or YXDW at 0.27, 0.54, or 1.08 g/kg by oral gavage once daily for 14 d. YXDW: Yangxin Dawa Yimixike Mi Gao; I/R: ischemia/reperfusion; LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVFS: left ventricular fractional shortening; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. aP < 0.05, compared with the Normal group; bP < 0.05, compared with the Model group; cP < 0.05, compared with the YXDW-L group.
Figure 3 Changes in the levels of apoptotic factor, Western blot, and mRNA in rats in various groups under I/R injury by YXDW A: expression of IL-6 levels; B: expression of TNF-α levels; C: expression of CRP levels; D: expression of CK-MB levels; E: expression of SOD levels; F: representative Western blot image showing protein bands; G: role of the CXCR1-MAP2K1-PARP1 axis in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury; H: CXCR1 relative protein expression; I: MAP2K1 relative protein expression; J: PARP1 relative protein expression; K: CXCR1 relative mRNA expression; L: MAP2K1 relative mRNA expression; M: PARP1 relative mRNA expression. Rats were assigned to six groups (n = 15/group): YXDW low-dose (YXDW-L), medium-dose (YXDW-Z), and high-dose (YXDW-H). The Normal group received no I/R surgery, whereas the remaining groups underwent 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Beginning 2 h after reperfusion, rats received vehicle, fosinopril (3.60 mg/kg), or YXDW at 0.27, 0.54, or 1.08 g/kg by oral gavage once daily for 14 d. YXDW: Yangxin Dawa Yimixike Mi Gao; I/R: ischemia/reperfusion; IL-6: interleukin-6; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; CRP: C-reactive protein; CK-MB: creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CXCR1: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1; MAP2K1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; PARP1: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; mRNA: messenger RNA. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. aP <0.05, compared with the Normal group; bP < 0.05, compared with the Model group; cP < 0.05, compared with the YXDW-L group.
Figure 3 Changes in the levels of apoptotic factor, Western blot, and mRNA in rats in various groups under I/R injury by YXDW A: expression of IL-6 levels; B: expression of TNF-α levels; C: expression of CRP levels; D: expression of CK-MB levels; E: expression of SOD levels; F: representative Western blot image showing protein bands; G: role of the CXCR1-MAP2K1-PARP1 axis in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury; H: CXCR1 relative protein expression; I: MAP2K1 relative protein expression; J: PARP1 relative protein expression; K: CXCR1 relative mRNA expression; L: MAP2K1 relative mRNA expression; M: PARP1 relative mRNA expression. Rats were assigned to six groups (n = 15/group): YXDW low-dose (YXDW-L), medium-dose (YXDW-Z), and high-dose (YXDW-H). The Normal group received no I/R surgery, whereas the remaining groups underwent 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Beginning 2 h after reperfusion, rats received vehicle, fosinopril (3.60 mg/kg), or YXDW at 0.27, 0.54, or 1.08 g/kg by oral gavage once daily for 14 d. YXDW: Yangxin Dawa Yimixike Mi Gao; I/R: ischemia/reperfusion; IL-6: interleukin-6; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; CRP: C-reactive protein; CK-MB: creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CXCR1: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1; MAP2K1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; PARP1: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; mRNA: messenger RNA. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. aP <0.05, compared with the Normal group; bP < 0.05, compared with the Model group; cP < 0.05, compared with the YXDW-L group.
Figure 4 Effect of YXDW on H/R damage in H9C2 cells A: H9C2 cytotoxicity assay; B: H9C2 cell administration concentration CCK-8 assay; C: H9C2 cell apoptosis staining; C1: Normal; C2: Model; C3: Fosinopril; C4: YXDW-L; C5: YXDW-M; C6: YXDW-H; D: representative Western blot image showing protein bands; E: CXCR1 relative protein expression; F: MAP2K1 relative protein expression; G: PARP1 relative protein expression; H: CXCR1 relative mRNA expression; I: MAP2K1 relative mRNA expression; J: PARP1 relative mRNA expression. For A, H9c2 cells were treated with control serum or drug-loaded serum at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The normal and model groups were included as controls. Cell density was assessed after treatment to evaluate the cytotoxicity and appropriate concentration range of the drug-loaded serum; for B, H9c2 cells were treated with control serum or different concentrations of drug-loaded serum (0.40%-20%), and cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 assay. The 5% drug-containing serum was designated as the low-dose group (YXDW-L), the 10% drug-containing serum as the medium-dose group (YXDW-M), and the 15% drug-containing serum as the high-dose group (YXDW-H); for E-J, rats were assigned to six groups (n = 15/group): YXDW low-dose (YXDW-L), medium-dose (YXDW-Z), and high-dose (YXDW-H). The Normal group received no I/R surgery, whereas the remaining groups underwent 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Beginning 2 h after reperfusion, rats received vehicle, fosinopril (3.60 mg/kg), or YXDW at 0.27, 0.54, or 1.08 g/kg by oral gavage once daily for 14 d. YXDW: Yangxin Dawa Yimixike Mi Gao; I/R: ischemia/reperfusion; CCK-8: cell counting kit-8; YXDW-L: low-dose YXDW; YXDW-M: medium-dose YXDW; YXDW-H: high-dose YXDW; CXCR1: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1; MAP2K1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; PARP1: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; mRNA: messenger RNA. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. aP < 0.05, compared with the Normal group; bP < 0.05, compared with the Model group; cP < 0.05, compared with the YXDW-L group.
Figure 4 Effect of YXDW on H/R damage in H9C2 cells A: H9C2 cytotoxicity assay; B: H9C2 cell administration concentration CCK-8 assay; C: H9C2 cell apoptosis staining; C1: Normal; C2: Model; C3: Fosinopril; C4: YXDW-L; C5: YXDW-M; C6: YXDW-H; D: representative Western blot image showing protein bands; E: CXCR1 relative protein expression; F: MAP2K1 relative protein expression; G: PARP1 relative protein expression; H: CXCR1 relative mRNA expression; I: MAP2K1 relative mRNA expression; J: PARP1 relative mRNA expression. For A, H9c2 cells were treated with control serum or drug-loaded serum at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The normal and model groups were included as controls. Cell density was assessed after treatment to evaluate the cytotoxicity and appropriate concentration range of the drug-loaded serum; for B, H9c2 cells were treated with control serum or different concentrations of drug-loaded serum (0.40%-20%), and cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 assay. The 5% drug-containing serum was designated as the low-dose group (YXDW-L), the 10% drug-containing serum as the medium-dose group (YXDW-M), and the 15% drug-containing serum as the high-dose group (YXDW-H); for E-J, rats were assigned to six groups (n = 15/group): YXDW low-dose (YXDW-L), medium-dose (YXDW-Z), and high-dose (YXDW-H). The Normal group received no I/R surgery, whereas the remaining groups underwent 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Beginning 2 h after reperfusion, rats received vehicle, fosinopril (3.60 mg/kg), or YXDW at 0.27, 0.54, or 1.08 g/kg by oral gavage once daily for 14 d. YXDW: Yangxin Dawa Yimixike Mi Gao; I/R: ischemia/reperfusion; CCK-8: cell counting kit-8; YXDW-L: low-dose YXDW; YXDW-M: medium-dose YXDW; YXDW-H: high-dose YXDW; CXCR1: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1; MAP2K1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; PARP1: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; mRNA: messenger RNA. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. aP < 0.05, compared with the Normal group; bP < 0.05, compared with the Model group; cP < 0.05, compared with the YXDW-L group.
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