Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 871-884.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20240806.007
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Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children: an overview of systematic reviews and Meta-analyses
DENG Yasheng1, HAN Siyin2, XI Lanhua3, HUANG Hui1, LIANG Tianwei1, ZHENG Yiqing1, FAN Yanping1, LIN Jiang2(
)
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
2 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Nanning 530200, China
3 Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Haikou 570203, China
-
Received:2023-06-02Accepted:2023-11-16Online:2024-10-15Published:2024-08-06 -
Contact:LIN Jiang, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Nanning 530200, China. linjiang6560@163.com Telephone: +86-13377115675 -
Supported by:Study on the Mechanisms of Multi-target Immunomodulation by Hydrolyzed Nanzhu Tablets in Children with RRTI Based on scRNA-seq Technology(82060825);Huang Danian-type Teacher Team of National Universities-Teacher Team of Basic Course of Chinese and Western Medicine (Ministry of Education Teacher Letter [2022] No.2);Guangxi Famous Chinese Medicine Doctor Lin Jiang Inheritance Studio (Gui TCM Scienceand Education Development [2021] No. 6);Guangxi First-class Discipline of Chinese Medicine (Gui Textbook Research [2022] No. 1);Guangxi Interdisciplinary Innovation Team of Chinese Medicine(GZKJ2302)
Cite this article
DENG Yasheng, HAN Siyin, XI Lanhua, HUANG Hui, LIANG Tianwei, ZHENG Yiqing, FAN Yanping, LIN Jiang. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children: an overview of systematic reviews and Meta-analyses[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(5): 871-884.
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Figure 1 Flow chart of the screening process for literature CNKI: China National Knowledge Infrastructure; VIP: China Science and Technology Journal Database.
Figure 1 Flow chart of the screening process for literature CNKI: China National Knowledge Infrastructure; VIP: China Science and Technology Journal Database.
Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included studies
| Study | Types of included studies | Number of included studies | Sample volume | Outcome indicators | Intervention measures | Methodology evaluation tools | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Therapy group | Control group | ||||||
| Zhang Y et al 2023 | RCT | 9 | 912 | 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 6, 7, 8 | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/ WM | Cochrane |
| Lin LP et al 2023 | RCT | 13 | 1411 | 4a, 6, 8 | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | Cochrane |
| Pan QT, Chen H 2022 | RCT | 10 | 1112 | 3a, 4a, 7 | TCM | WM/Blank control | Cochrane |
| Pan QT et al 2021 | RCT | 12 | 1083 | 4a, 6, 7 | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | Cochrane |
| Yang LL et al 2021 | RCT | 17 | 1858 | 3c, 4a, 6, 7 | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM/Blank control | Cochrane |
| Deng YL et al 2022 | RCT | 17 | 1839 | 4b, 6, 7, 8 | TCM/TCM+others | TCM/WM/Placebo | Cochrane |
| Tang W et al 2016 | RCT | 11 | 922 | 4a | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | Jadad |
| Chen ZY et al 2020 | RCT | 27 | 2466 | 4b, 7 | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM/Placebo/Blank control | Jadad |
| Zhang M et al 2021 | RCT | 5 | 509 | 4a, 4b, 4c | TCM/TCM+others | Others | Cochrane |
| He RZ et al 2020 | RCT | 12 | 1175 | 3d, 4a, 6, 7, 8 | TCM+WM | WM | Jadad |
| Xu CL et al 2019 | RCT | 15 | 1554 | 4b, 6, 7 | TCM | Others/Blank control | Cochrane |
| Zhang LD et al 2019 | RCT | 16 | 1788 | 4a, 6, 7, 8, | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | Cochrane |
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | RCT | 18 | 1845 | 4a, 6, 7c | TCM+WM | WM | Cochrane |
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | RCT | 8 | 550 | 4b, 6, 7, 8 | TCM+WM | WM | Cochrane |
| Zhang L et al 2022 | RCT | 17 | 1970 | 4a, 5c, 6, 8 | TCM+WM | Placebo/WM | Cochrane |
| Song T et al 2016 | RCT | 12 | 1236 | 4a, 6, 7 | TCM+WM | WM | Cochrane |
| Wei L, Wang X 2020 | RCT | 16 | 1624 | 4a, 6, 8 | TCM | WM | Cochrane |
| An L et al 2018 | RCT | 13 | 1770 | 4a, 6, 7 | TCM+WM | WM | Jadad |
| Shao YY et al 2022 | RCT | 30 | 5998 | 4a, 6, 7 | TCM | WM | Cochrane |
| Xu YL, Huo LL 2019 | RCT | 18 | 2239 | 4a | TCM/TCM+others | Others | Jadad |
Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included studies
| Study | Types of included studies | Number of included studies | Sample volume | Outcome indicators | Intervention measures | Methodology evaluation tools | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Therapy group | Control group | ||||||
| Zhang Y et al 2023 | RCT | 9 | 912 | 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 6, 7, 8 | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/ WM | Cochrane |
| Lin LP et al 2023 | RCT | 13 | 1411 | 4a, 6, 8 | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | Cochrane |
| Pan QT, Chen H 2022 | RCT | 10 | 1112 | 3a, 4a, 7 | TCM | WM/Blank control | Cochrane |
| Pan QT et al 2021 | RCT | 12 | 1083 | 4a, 6, 7 | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | Cochrane |
| Yang LL et al 2021 | RCT | 17 | 1858 | 3c, 4a, 6, 7 | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM/Blank control | Cochrane |
| Deng YL et al 2022 | RCT | 17 | 1839 | 4b, 6, 7, 8 | TCM/TCM+others | TCM/WM/Placebo | Cochrane |
| Tang W et al 2016 | RCT | 11 | 922 | 4a | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | Jadad |
| Chen ZY et al 2020 | RCT | 27 | 2466 | 4b, 7 | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM/Placebo/Blank control | Jadad |
| Zhang M et al 2021 | RCT | 5 | 509 | 4a, 4b, 4c | TCM/TCM+others | Others | Cochrane |
| He RZ et al 2020 | RCT | 12 | 1175 | 3d, 4a, 6, 7, 8 | TCM+WM | WM | Jadad |
| Xu CL et al 2019 | RCT | 15 | 1554 | 4b, 6, 7 | TCM | Others/Blank control | Cochrane |
| Zhang LD et al 2019 | RCT | 16 | 1788 | 4a, 6, 7, 8, | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | Cochrane |
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | RCT | 18 | 1845 | 4a, 6, 7c | TCM+WM | WM | Cochrane |
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | RCT | 8 | 550 | 4b, 6, 7, 8 | TCM+WM | WM | Cochrane |
| Zhang L et al 2022 | RCT | 17 | 1970 | 4a, 5c, 6, 8 | TCM+WM | Placebo/WM | Cochrane |
| Song T et al 2016 | RCT | 12 | 1236 | 4a, 6, 7 | TCM+WM | WM | Cochrane |
| Wei L, Wang X 2020 | RCT | 16 | 1624 | 4a, 6, 8 | TCM | WM | Cochrane |
| An L et al 2018 | RCT | 13 | 1770 | 4a, 6, 7 | TCM+WM | WM | Jadad |
| Shao YY et al 2022 | RCT | 30 | 5998 | 4a, 6, 7 | TCM | WM | Cochrane |
| Xu YL, Huo LL 2019 | RCT | 18 | 2239 | 4a | TCM/TCM+others | Others | Jadad |
Figure 2 AMSTAR 2 Methodological quality assessment Y: yes; N: no; PY: partially yes. Items: Q1 the detail level of the research questions and inclusion criteria; Q2 the presence of a pre-design programme; Q3 the presence of a rationale for the inclusion of study types; Q4 the comprehensiveness of the search strategy; Q5 whether the literature selection was double-repeat; Q6 whether the data extraction was double-repeat; Q7 the presence of a list of excluded literature and reasons for exclusion; Q8 whether the description of the included studies was detailed; Q9 whether the risk of bias was taken with an appropriate tool; Q10 whether the funding source of individual studies was clear; Q11 whether the study results were combined using appropriate statistical methods; Q12 whether the impact of the risk of bias of the included studies on the results was assessed; Q13 whether the risk of bias of the included studies was considered; Q14 whether the heterogeneity of the study results was assessed; Q15 whether the possibility of publication bias was evaluated; Q16 whether relevant conflicts of interest were reported.
Figure 2 AMSTAR 2 Methodological quality assessment Y: yes; N: no; PY: partially yes. Items: Q1 the detail level of the research questions and inclusion criteria; Q2 the presence of a pre-design programme; Q3 the presence of a rationale for the inclusion of study types; Q4 the comprehensiveness of the search strategy; Q5 whether the literature selection was double-repeat; Q6 whether the data extraction was double-repeat; Q7 the presence of a list of excluded literature and reasons for exclusion; Q8 whether the description of the included studies was detailed; Q9 whether the risk of bias was taken with an appropriate tool; Q10 whether the funding source of individual studies was clear; Q11 whether the study results were combined using appropriate statistical methods; Q12 whether the impact of the risk of bias of the included studies on the results was assessed; Q13 whether the risk of bias of the included studies was considered; Q14 whether the heterogeneity of the study results was assessed; Q15 whether the possibility of publication bias was evaluated; Q16 whether relevant conflicts of interest were reported.
Table 2 ROBIS evaluation of risk of bias for included literature
| Included study | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domain 1 | Domain 2 | Domain 3 | Domain 4 | Risk of bias in the review | |
| Zhang Y et al 2023 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Lin LP et al 2023 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Pan QT, Chen H 2022 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Pan QT et al 2021 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Yang LL et al 2021 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Deng YL et al 2022 | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Tang W et al 2016 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Chen ZY et al 2020 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Zhang M et al 2021 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| He RZ et al 2020 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Xu CL et al 2019 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Zhang LD et al 2019 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Zhang L et al 2022 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Uncertain | Low risk |
| Song T et al 2016 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Wei L, Wang X 2020 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| An L et al 2018 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Shao YY et al 2022 | High risk | High risk | High risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Xu YL, Huo LL 2019 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
Table 2 ROBIS evaluation of risk of bias for included literature
| Included study | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domain 1 | Domain 2 | Domain 3 | Domain 4 | Risk of bias in the review | |
| Zhang Y et al 2023 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Lin LP et al 2023 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Pan QT, Chen H 2022 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Pan QT et al 2021 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Yang LL et al 2021 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Deng YL et al 2022 | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Tang W et al 2016 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Chen ZY et al 2020 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Zhang M et al 2021 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| He RZ et al 2020 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Xu CL et al 2019 | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Zhang LD et al 2019 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Zhang L et al 2022 | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Uncertain | Low risk |
| Song T et al 2016 | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | High risk |
| Wei L, Wang X 2020 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| An L et al 2018 | Low risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
| Shao YY et al 2022 | High risk | High risk | High risk | Uncertain risk | Low risk |
| Xu YL, Huo LL 2019 | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk |
Figure 3 PRISMA 2020 quality evaluation included in the literature PRISMA: preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-analyses; Y: yes; N: no; PY: partially yes. 1: title; 2: abstract; 3: theoretical basis; 4: objectives; 5: eligibility criteria; 6: information sources; 7: search strategy; 8: selection process; 9: data collection process; 10 (10a.10b): data items; 11: assessment of bias risk in individual studies; 12: effect index; 13 (13a.13b.13c.13d.13e.13f): synthesis of results; 14: reporting bias assessment; 15: methods of outcome index; 16 (16a.16b): study selection; 17: characteristics of study; 18: risk of internal bias in studies; 19: results of individual studies; 20 (20a.20b.20c.20d): synthesis of results; 21: risk of bias between studies; 22: quality classification of outcome index; 23 (23a.23b.23c.23d): summary of evidence; 24 (24a.24b.24c): registration and protocol; 25: financial support; 26: declaration of competing interests; 27: public information.
Figure 3 PRISMA 2020 quality evaluation included in the literature PRISMA: preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-analyses; Y: yes; N: no; PY: partially yes. 1: title; 2: abstract; 3: theoretical basis; 4: objectives; 5: eligibility criteria; 6: information sources; 7: search strategy; 8: selection process; 9: data collection process; 10 (10a.10b): data items; 11: assessment of bias risk in individual studies; 12: effect index; 13 (13a.13b.13c.13d.13e.13f): synthesis of results; 14: reporting bias assessment; 15: methods of outcome index; 16 (16a.16b): study selection; 17: characteristics of study; 18: risk of internal bias in studies; 19: results of individual studies; 20 (20a.20b.20c.20d): synthesis of results; 21: risk of bias between studies; 22: quality classification of outcome index; 23 (23a.23b.23c.23d): summary of evidence; 24 (24a.24b.24c): registration and protocol; 25: financial support; 26: declaration of competing interests; 27: public information.
Table 3 Efficiency/Total efficiency comprehensive effect value and GRADE grading result
| Included study | Intervention measure | Number of RCTs | Model | RR | 95% CI | I 2 (%) | Downgrade factor | Evidence quality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | (T/C) | |||||||
| Lin LP et al 2023 | TCM | WM | 8 (404/387) | Fixed | 1.22 | (1.15, 1.31) | 0 | ② | Moderate |
| TCM+WM | WM | 4 (253/247) | Fixed | 1.28 | (1.18, 1.39) | 25 | ② | Moderate | |
| Pan QT, Chen H 2022 | TCM | WM | 10 (335/337) | Fixed | 1.30 | (1.21, 1.40) | 17 | ② | Moderate |
| Pan QT et al 2021 | TCM | WM | 11 (495/451) | Fixed | 1.24 | (1.17, 1.32) | 11 | ② | Moderate |
| Yang LL et al 2021 | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 15 (826/822) | Fixed | 4.66 | (3.39, 6.40) | 0 | ②⑦ | Low |
| Deng YL et al 2022 | TCM+WM | WM/TCM | 14 (790/778) | Fixed | 4.06 | (3.05, 5.40) | 46 | ②⑤⑦ | Very low |
| Tang W et al 2016 | TCM+WM | WM/TCM | 11 (486/436) | Fixed | 3.69 | (2.53, 5.39) | 42 | ②⑦ | Low |
| Chen ZY et al 2020 | TCM | WM | 10 (385/329) | Fixed | 1.25 | (1.17, 1.35) | 0 | ② | Moderate |
| TCM+WM | WM | 14 (719/714) | Fixed | 1.20 | (1.15, 1.26) | 49 | ② | Moderate | |
| TCM | Blank control/Placebo | 2 (85/83) | Fixed | 1.39 | (1.19, 1.62) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low | |
| Zhang M et al 2021 | TCM | WM/TCM | 5 (256/253) | Random | 1.22 | (0.95, 1.57) | 52 | ②③⑦ | Very low |
| TCM | WM/TCM | 2 (105/102) | Fixed | 1.23 | (1.08, 1.41) | 0 | ②⑦ | Low | |
| TCM | WM/TCM | 3 (151/151) | Fixed | 1.21 | (1.09, 1.33) | 0 | ②⑦ | Low | |
| He RZ et al 2020 | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (166/162) | Fixed | 1.36 | (1.20, 1.54) | 0 | ② | Moderate |
| TCM+WM | WM | 8 (433/414) | Fixed | 1.21, | (1.14, 1.29) | 0 | ② | Moderate | |
| Xu CL et al 2019 | TCM | WM | 15 (794/760) | Fixed | 5.67 | (3.56, 9.03) | 47 | ②⑦ | Low |
| Zhang LD et al 2019 | TCM+WM | WM | 11 (674/662) | Fixed | 1.27 | (1.21, 1.34) | 0 | ②⑦ | Low |
| TCM+WM | WM | 4 (182/180) | Fixed | 1.23 | (1.13, 1.35) | 0 | ②⑦ | Low | |
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | TCM+WM | WM | 15 (839/792) | Fixed | 6.38 | (4.76, 0.46) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low |
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | TCM+WM | WM | 7 (274/240) | Fixed | 4.16 | (2.49, 6.95) | 0 | ② | Moderate |
| Zhang L et al 2022 | TCM+WM | WM | 15 (825/816) | Random | 1.18 | (1.12, 1.24) | 39 | ②⑤⑦ | Very low |
| Song T et al 2016 | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 9 (444/413) | Random | 1.44 | (1.19, 1.75) | 87 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low |
| Wei L, Wang X 2020 | TCM+WM | WM | 14 (737/727) | Fixed | 6.23 | (4.32, 8.99) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low |
| An L et al 2018 | TCM+WM | WM | 11 (759/760) | Fixed | 5.03 | (3.72, 6.78) | 37 | ② | Moderate |
| Shao YY et al 2022 | TCM | WM | 27 (1346/1325) | Fixed | 1.22 | 91.18, 1.26) | 14 | ② | Moderate |
| Xu YL, Huo LL 2019 | TCM+WM | WM | 18 (1232/1007) | Fixed | 5.93 | (4.66, 7.55) | 46 | ② | Moderate |
Table 3 Efficiency/Total efficiency comprehensive effect value and GRADE grading result
| Included study | Intervention measure | Number of RCTs | Model | RR | 95% CI | I 2 (%) | Downgrade factor | Evidence quality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | (T/C) | |||||||
| Lin LP et al 2023 | TCM | WM | 8 (404/387) | Fixed | 1.22 | (1.15, 1.31) | 0 | ② | Moderate |
| TCM+WM | WM | 4 (253/247) | Fixed | 1.28 | (1.18, 1.39) | 25 | ② | Moderate | |
| Pan QT, Chen H 2022 | TCM | WM | 10 (335/337) | Fixed | 1.30 | (1.21, 1.40) | 17 | ② | Moderate |
| Pan QT et al 2021 | TCM | WM | 11 (495/451) | Fixed | 1.24 | (1.17, 1.32) | 11 | ② | Moderate |
| Yang LL et al 2021 | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 15 (826/822) | Fixed | 4.66 | (3.39, 6.40) | 0 | ②⑦ | Low |
| Deng YL et al 2022 | TCM+WM | WM/TCM | 14 (790/778) | Fixed | 4.06 | (3.05, 5.40) | 46 | ②⑤⑦ | Very low |
| Tang W et al 2016 | TCM+WM | WM/TCM | 11 (486/436) | Fixed | 3.69 | (2.53, 5.39) | 42 | ②⑦ | Low |
| Chen ZY et al 2020 | TCM | WM | 10 (385/329) | Fixed | 1.25 | (1.17, 1.35) | 0 | ② | Moderate |
| TCM+WM | WM | 14 (719/714) | Fixed | 1.20 | (1.15, 1.26) | 49 | ② | Moderate | |
| TCM | Blank control/Placebo | 2 (85/83) | Fixed | 1.39 | (1.19, 1.62) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low | |
| Zhang M et al 2021 | TCM | WM/TCM | 5 (256/253) | Random | 1.22 | (0.95, 1.57) | 52 | ②③⑦ | Very low |
| TCM | WM/TCM | 2 (105/102) | Fixed | 1.23 | (1.08, 1.41) | 0 | ②⑦ | Low | |
| TCM | WM/TCM | 3 (151/151) | Fixed | 1.21 | (1.09, 1.33) | 0 | ②⑦ | Low | |
| He RZ et al 2020 | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (166/162) | Fixed | 1.36 | (1.20, 1.54) | 0 | ② | Moderate |
| TCM+WM | WM | 8 (433/414) | Fixed | 1.21, | (1.14, 1.29) | 0 | ② | Moderate | |
| Xu CL et al 2019 | TCM | WM | 15 (794/760) | Fixed | 5.67 | (3.56, 9.03) | 47 | ②⑦ | Low |
| Zhang LD et al 2019 | TCM+WM | WM | 11 (674/662) | Fixed | 1.27 | (1.21, 1.34) | 0 | ②⑦ | Low |
| TCM+WM | WM | 4 (182/180) | Fixed | 1.23 | (1.13, 1.35) | 0 | ②⑦ | Low | |
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | TCM+WM | WM | 15 (839/792) | Fixed | 6.38 | (4.76, 0.46) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low |
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | TCM+WM | WM | 7 (274/240) | Fixed | 4.16 | (2.49, 6.95) | 0 | ② | Moderate |
| Zhang L et al 2022 | TCM+WM | WM | 15 (825/816) | Random | 1.18 | (1.12, 1.24) | 39 | ②⑤⑦ | Very low |
| Song T et al 2016 | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 9 (444/413) | Random | 1.44 | (1.19, 1.75) | 87 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low |
| Wei L, Wang X 2020 | TCM+WM | WM | 14 (737/727) | Fixed | 6.23 | (4.32, 8.99) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low |
| An L et al 2018 | TCM+WM | WM | 11 (759/760) | Fixed | 5.03 | (3.72, 6.78) | 37 | ② | Moderate |
| Shao YY et al 2022 | TCM | WM | 27 (1346/1325) | Fixed | 1.22 | 91.18, 1.26) | 14 | ② | Moderate |
| Xu YL, Huo LL 2019 | TCM+WM | WM | 18 (1232/1007) | Fixed | 5.93 | (4.66, 7.55) | 46 | ② | Moderate |
Table 4 Comprehensive effect value of serum immunoglobulin level and GRADE grading results
| Included study | Outcome indicator | Intervention measure | Number of RCTs | Model | MD | 95% CI | I 2 (%) | Downgrade factor | Evidence quality | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | (T/C) | |||||||||||||||||
| Zhang Y et al 2023 | IgA | TCM | Blank control/Placebo/WM | 7 (390/383) | Random | 1.23 | (1.10, 1.36) | 86 | ①③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgA | TCM | Blank control/Placebo/WM | 7 (390/383) | Random | 0.94 | (0.72, 1.15) | 51 | ①③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM | Blank control/Placebo/WM | 7 (390/383) | Random | 1.62 | (0.86, 2.39) | 94 | ①③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Lin LP et al 2023 | IgA | TCM | WM | 2 (89/89) | Fixed | －0.34 | (0.24, 0.44) | 0 | ② | Moderate | |||||||||
| TCM+WM | WM | 3 (207/207) | Random | －0.34 | (1.24, 0.56) | 99 | ② | Low | |||||||||||
| IgG | TCM | WM | 2 (89/89) | Fixed | 1.55 | (0.82, 2.28) | 0 | ② | Moderate | ||||||||||
| TCM+WM | WM | 3 (207/207) | Random | －1.24 | (－1.85, －0.62) | 96 | ②③ | Low | |||||||||||
| IgM | TCM | WM | 2 (89/89) | Random | －0.13 | (0.05, 0.51) | 75 | ②③ | Low | ||||||||||
| TCM+WM | WM | 3 (207/207) | Random | 0.02 | (－0.81, 0.55) | 99 | ②③ | Low | |||||||||||
| Pan QT et al 2021 | IgA | TCM | WM | 6 (260/259) | Fixed | 0.37 | (0.31, 0.43) | 0 | ② | Moderate | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM | WM | 6 (260/259) | Fixed | 2.18 | (1.97, 2.40) | 0 | ② | Moderate | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM | WM | 6 (260/259) | Fixed | 0.2 | (0.14, 0.26) | 0 | ② | Moderate | ||||||||||
| Yang LL et al 2021 | IgA | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 11 (596/595) | Random | 0.32 | (0.18, 0.47) | 94 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 11 (596/595) | Random | 1.85 | (1.09, 2.61) | 95 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 11 (596/595) | Random | 0.18 | (0.03, 0.33) | 90 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Deng YL et al 2022 | IgA | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 12 (655/656) | Random | 0.31 | (0.14, 0.48) | 97 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 13 (706/706) | Random | 1.50 | (0.93, 2.06) | 98 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 11 (596/597) | Random | 0.10 | (－0.02, 0.22) | 89 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| He RZ et al 2020 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 6 (310/293) | Random | 0.32 | (0.24, 0.4) | 70 | ②③ | Low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM+WM | WM | 6 (310/293) | Random | 1.70 | (1.08, 2.13) | 79 | ②③ | Low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM+WM | WM | 6 (310/293) | Random | 0.31 | (0.18, 0.43) | 91 | ②③ | Low | ||||||||||
| Xu CL et al 2019 | IgA | TCM | WM | 7 (337/315) | Random | 0.30 | (0.12, 0.48) | 87 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM | WM | 7 (337/315) | Random | 1.26 | (0.68, 1.84) | 94 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM | WM | 6 (271/249) | Random | 0.13 | (0.01, 0.24) | 56 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Zhang LD et al 2019 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (299/299) | Random | 0.43 | (0.24, 0.62) | 82 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (299/299) | Random | 1.85 | (1.38, 2.33) | 68 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (299/299) | Random | 0.34 | (0.23, 0.46) | 48 | ②⑤⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 5 (182/170) | Random | 6.38 | (4.76, 0.46) | 84 | ②③⑤ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM+WM | WM | 5 (182/170) | Fixed | 1.10 | (0.99, 1.22) | 20 | ②⑤ | Low | ||||||||||
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 5 (183/167) | Random | 0.52 | (0.26, 0.78) | 90 | ②③ | Low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM+WM | WM | 5 (183/167) | Random | 2.75 | (1.25, 4.25) | 86 | ②③ | Low | ||||||||||
| Zhang L et al 2022 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 12 (627/623) | Random | 1.18 | (1.12, 1.24) | 95 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM+WM | WM | 12 (627/623) | Random | 1.06 | (0.65, 1.47) | 91 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM+WM | WM | 11 (548/544) | Random | 0.85 | (0.35, 1.35) | 93 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Song T et al 2016 | IgA | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 12 (637/599) | Random | 0.33 | (0.20, 0.45) | 92.2 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 11 (594/556) | Random | 1.36 | (1.06, 1.65) | 76 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 11 (594/556) | Random | 0.16 | (0.02, 0.31) | 91.9 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Wei L, Wang X 2020 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 11 (532/529) | Random | 0.59 | (0.20, 0.98) | 100 | ②③ | Low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM+WM | WM | 11 (532/529) | Random | 1.32 | (0.99, 1.64) | 97 | ②③ | Low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM+WM | WM | 11 (532/529) | Random | 0.16 | (0.07, 0.25) | 92 | ②③⑤ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Included study | Outcome indicator | Intervention measure | Number of RCTs | Model | MD | 95% CI | I 2 (%) | Downgrade factor | Evidence quality | ||||||||||
| T | C | (T/C) | |||||||||||||||||
| An L et al 2018 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 9 (617/611) | Random | 0.40 | (0.23, 0.58) | 99 | ②③ | Low | |||||||||
| Shao YY et al 2022 | IgA | TCM | WM | 10 (328/326) | Fixed | 0.37 | (0.31, 0.42) | 0 | ② | Moderate | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM | WM | 10 (512/510) | Fixed | 1.37 | (1.18, 1.56) | 7 | ② | Moderate | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM | WM | 9 (377/376) | Fixed | 0.18 | (0.12, 0.24) | 44 | ② | Moderate | ||||||||||
Table 4 Comprehensive effect value of serum immunoglobulin level and GRADE grading results
| Included study | Outcome indicator | Intervention measure | Number of RCTs | Model | MD | 95% CI | I 2 (%) | Downgrade factor | Evidence quality | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | (T/C) | |||||||||||||||||
| Zhang Y et al 2023 | IgA | TCM | Blank control/Placebo/WM | 7 (390/383) | Random | 1.23 | (1.10, 1.36) | 86 | ①③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgA | TCM | Blank control/Placebo/WM | 7 (390/383) | Random | 0.94 | (0.72, 1.15) | 51 | ①③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM | Blank control/Placebo/WM | 7 (390/383) | Random | 1.62 | (0.86, 2.39) | 94 | ①③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Lin LP et al 2023 | IgA | TCM | WM | 2 (89/89) | Fixed | －0.34 | (0.24, 0.44) | 0 | ② | Moderate | |||||||||
| TCM+WM | WM | 3 (207/207) | Random | －0.34 | (1.24, 0.56) | 99 | ② | Low | |||||||||||
| IgG | TCM | WM | 2 (89/89) | Fixed | 1.55 | (0.82, 2.28) | 0 | ② | Moderate | ||||||||||
| TCM+WM | WM | 3 (207/207) | Random | －1.24 | (－1.85, －0.62) | 96 | ②③ | Low | |||||||||||
| IgM | TCM | WM | 2 (89/89) | Random | －0.13 | (0.05, 0.51) | 75 | ②③ | Low | ||||||||||
| TCM+WM | WM | 3 (207/207) | Random | 0.02 | (－0.81, 0.55) | 99 | ②③ | Low | |||||||||||
| Pan QT et al 2021 | IgA | TCM | WM | 6 (260/259) | Fixed | 0.37 | (0.31, 0.43) | 0 | ② | Moderate | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM | WM | 6 (260/259) | Fixed | 2.18 | (1.97, 2.40) | 0 | ② | Moderate | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM | WM | 6 (260/259) | Fixed | 0.2 | (0.14, 0.26) | 0 | ② | Moderate | ||||||||||
| Yang LL et al 2021 | IgA | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 11 (596/595) | Random | 0.32 | (0.18, 0.47) | 94 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 11 (596/595) | Random | 1.85 | (1.09, 2.61) | 95 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 11 (596/595) | Random | 0.18 | (0.03, 0.33) | 90 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Deng YL et al 2022 | IgA | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 12 (655/656) | Random | 0.31 | (0.14, 0.48) | 97 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 13 (706/706) | Random | 1.50 | (0.93, 2.06) | 98 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 11 (596/597) | Random | 0.10 | (－0.02, 0.22) | 89 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| He RZ et al 2020 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 6 (310/293) | Random | 0.32 | (0.24, 0.4) | 70 | ②③ | Low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM+WM | WM | 6 (310/293) | Random | 1.70 | (1.08, 2.13) | 79 | ②③ | Low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM+WM | WM | 6 (310/293) | Random | 0.31 | (0.18, 0.43) | 91 | ②③ | Low | ||||||||||
| Xu CL et al 2019 | IgA | TCM | WM | 7 (337/315) | Random | 0.30 | (0.12, 0.48) | 87 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM | WM | 7 (337/315) | Random | 1.26 | (0.68, 1.84) | 94 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM | WM | 6 (271/249) | Random | 0.13 | (0.01, 0.24) | 56 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Zhang LD et al 2019 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (299/299) | Random | 0.43 | (0.24, 0.62) | 82 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (299/299) | Random | 1.85 | (1.38, 2.33) | 68 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (299/299) | Random | 0.34 | (0.23, 0.46) | 48 | ②⑤⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 5 (182/170) | Random | 6.38 | (4.76, 0.46) | 84 | ②③⑤ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM+WM | WM | 5 (182/170) | Fixed | 1.10 | (0.99, 1.22) | 20 | ②⑤ | Low | ||||||||||
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 5 (183/167) | Random | 0.52 | (0.26, 0.78) | 90 | ②③ | Low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM+WM | WM | 5 (183/167) | Random | 2.75 | (1.25, 4.25) | 86 | ②③ | Low | ||||||||||
| Zhang L et al 2022 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 12 (627/623) | Random | 1.18 | (1.12, 1.24) | 95 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM+WM | WM | 12 (627/623) | Random | 1.06 | (0.65, 1.47) | 91 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM+WM | WM | 11 (548/544) | Random | 0.85 | (0.35, 1.35) | 93 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Song T et al 2016 | IgA | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 12 (637/599) | Random | 0.33 | (0.20, 0.45) | 92.2 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 11 (594/556) | Random | 1.36 | (1.06, 1.65) | 76 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 11 (594/556) | Random | 0.16 | (0.02, 0.31) | 91.9 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Wei L, Wang X 2020 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 11 (532/529) | Random | 0.59 | (0.20, 0.98) | 100 | ②③ | Low | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM+WM | WM | 11 (532/529) | Random | 1.32 | (0.99, 1.64) | 97 | ②③ | Low | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM+WM | WM | 11 (532/529) | Random | 0.16 | (0.07, 0.25) | 92 | ②③⑤ | Very low | ||||||||||
| Included study | Outcome indicator | Intervention measure | Number of RCTs | Model | MD | 95% CI | I 2 (%) | Downgrade factor | Evidence quality | ||||||||||
| T | C | (T/C) | |||||||||||||||||
| An L et al 2018 | IgA | TCM+WM | WM | 9 (617/611) | Random | 0.40 | (0.23, 0.58) | 99 | ②③ | Low | |||||||||
| Shao YY et al 2022 | IgA | TCM | WM | 10 (328/326) | Fixed | 0.37 | (0.31, 0.42) | 0 | ② | Moderate | |||||||||
| IgG | TCM | WM | 10 (512/510) | Fixed | 1.37 | (1.18, 1.56) | 7 | ② | Moderate | ||||||||||
| IgM | TCM | WM | 9 (377/376) | Fixed | 0.18 | (0.12, 0.24) | 44 | ② | Moderate | ||||||||||
Table 5 Comprehensive effect value of T lymphocyte subpopulation level and GRADE grading results
| Included study | Outcome indicators | Intervention measure | Number of RCTs | Model | MD | 95% CI | I2 (%) | Downgrade factor | Evidence quality | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | (T/C) | ||||||||||
| Zhang Y et al 2023 | CD3+ | TCM | WM | 4 (238/231) | Random | 1.99 | (1.31, 2.66) | 89 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM | WM | 4 (238/231) | Random | 1.25 | (0.60, 1.89) | 90 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD8+ | TCM | WM | 4 (238/231) | Random | -2.88 | (-4.11, -1.65) | / | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM | WM | 4 (238/231) | Random | 0.16 | (0.13, 0.20) | 97 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| Pan QT, Chen H 2022 | CD3+ | TCM | WM | 3 (293/193) | Fixed | 13.04 | (12.83, 13.26) | 0 | ② | Moderate | ||
| CD4+ | TCM | WM | 3 (293/193) | Fixed | 8.38 | (8.07, 8.68) | 49 | ② | Moderate | |||
| Pan QT et al 2021 | CD3+ | TCM | WM | 3 (131/130) | Fixed | 8.3 | (7.35, 9.25) | 0 | ② | Moderate | ||
| CD4+ | TCM | WM | 3 (131/130) | Fixed | 3.96 | (3.09, 4.83) | 0 | ② | Moderate | |||
| Yang LL et al 2021 | CD3+ | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 4 (219/218) | Fixed | 2.27 | (1.54, 2.99) | 26 | ②⑦ | Low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 6 (349/348) | Random | 4.53 | (1.55, 7.50) | 94 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD8+ | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 4 (195/195) | Random | 4.53 | (1.55, 7.50) | 69 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 6 (332/331) | Fixed | 0.32 | (0.27, 0.37) | 0 | ②⑤⑦ | Very low | |||
| Deng YL et al 2022 | CD3+ | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 5 (286/285) | Random | 3.12 | (1.41, 4.83) | 77 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 5 (286/285) | Random | 4.62 | (3.15, 6.08) | 79 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD8+ | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 5 (286/285) | Random | ﹣1.57 | (-2.77, -0.37) | 93 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 4 (236/235) | Random | 0.90 | (0.47, 1.32) | 78 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| Chen ZY et al 2020 | CD3+ | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 4 (217/208) | Fixed | 2.02 | (1.43, 2.60) | 41 | ②⑤ | Low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 4 (217/208) | Fixed | 4.99 | (4.31, 5.66) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low | |||
| He RZ et al 2020 | CD3+ | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (221/202) | Random | 7.62 | (3.99, 11.25) | 94 | ②③⑤ | Very low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (221/202) | Random | 7.37 | (4.63, 10.10) | 92 | ②③⑤ | Very low | |||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (221/202) | Random | 0.33 | (0.24, 0.42) | 63 | ②③ | Low | |||
| Xu CL et al 2019 | CD3+ | TCM | WM | 4 (180/180) | Random | 4.00 | (0.64, 7.36) | 97 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM | WM | 4 (180/180) | Random | 0.32 | (0.06, 0.59) | 97 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | CD3+ | TCM+WM | WM | 2 (96/90) | Random | 10.51 | (1.58, 19.44) | 94 | ②③⑤ | Very low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM+WM | WM | 3 (124/120) | Fixed | 0.32 | (0.08, 0.56) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low | |||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM+WM | WM | 2 (58/60) | Fixed | 0.32 | (0.08, 0.56) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low | |||
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | CD4+ | TCM+WM | WM | 2 (80/76) | Fixed | 6.15 | (4.76, 7.54) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low | ||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM+WM | WM | 2 (80/76) | Fixed | 0.36 | (0.25, 0.47) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low | |||
| Song T et al 2016 | CD3+ | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 3 (171/165) | Random | 10.16 | (4.62, 15.69) | 97.9 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 4 (257/250) | Random | 3.16 | (-0.27, 6.59) | 93 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD8+ | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 4 (257/250) | Random | ﹣0.84 | (-2.50, 0.81) | 81.8 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| An L et al 2018 | CD3+ | TCM+WM | WM | 3 (353/349) | Random | 2.54 | (0.94, 4.13) | 94 | ②③ | Low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM+WM | WM | 3 (353/349) | Random | 5.41 | (1.74, 9.08) | 99 | ②③ | Low | |||
| Shao YY et al 2022 | CD4+ | TCM | WM | 5 (285/284) | Fixed | 3.63 | (2.63, 4.63) | 0 | ② | Moderate | ||
| CD8+ | TCM | WM | 5 (227/226) | Fixed | -3.26 | (-3.97, -2.56) | 38 | ② | Moderate | |||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM | WM | 5 (174/173) | Fixed | 0.33 | (0.26, 0.41) | 0 | ② | Moderate | |||
Table 5 Comprehensive effect value of T lymphocyte subpopulation level and GRADE grading results
| Included study | Outcome indicators | Intervention measure | Number of RCTs | Model | MD | 95% CI | I2 (%) | Downgrade factor | Evidence quality | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | (T/C) | ||||||||||
| Zhang Y et al 2023 | CD3+ | TCM | WM | 4 (238/231) | Random | 1.99 | (1.31, 2.66) | 89 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM | WM | 4 (238/231) | Random | 1.25 | (0.60, 1.89) | 90 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD8+ | TCM | WM | 4 (238/231) | Random | -2.88 | (-4.11, -1.65) | / | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM | WM | 4 (238/231) | Random | 0.16 | (0.13, 0.20) | 97 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| Pan QT, Chen H 2022 | CD3+ | TCM | WM | 3 (293/193) | Fixed | 13.04 | (12.83, 13.26) | 0 | ② | Moderate | ||
| CD4+ | TCM | WM | 3 (293/193) | Fixed | 8.38 | (8.07, 8.68) | 49 | ② | Moderate | |||
| Pan QT et al 2021 | CD3+ | TCM | WM | 3 (131/130) | Fixed | 8.3 | (7.35, 9.25) | 0 | ② | Moderate | ||
| CD4+ | TCM | WM | 3 (131/130) | Fixed | 3.96 | (3.09, 4.83) | 0 | ② | Moderate | |||
| Yang LL et al 2021 | CD3+ | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 4 (219/218) | Fixed | 2.27 | (1.54, 2.99) | 26 | ②⑦ | Low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 6 (349/348) | Random | 4.53 | (1.55, 7.50) | 94 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD8+ | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 4 (195/195) | Random | 4.53 | (1.55, 7.50) | 69 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM/TCM+WM | Blank control/WM | 6 (332/331) | Fixed | 0.32 | (0.27, 0.37) | 0 | ②⑤⑦ | Very low | |||
| Deng YL et al 2022 | CD3+ | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 5 (286/285) | Random | 3.12 | (1.41, 4.83) | 77 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 5 (286/285) | Random | 4.62 | (3.15, 6.08) | 79 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD8+ | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 5 (286/285) | Random | ﹣1.57 | (-2.77, -0.37) | 93 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 4 (236/235) | Random | 0.90 | (0.47, 1.32) | 78 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| Chen ZY et al 2020 | CD3+ | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 4 (217/208) | Fixed | 2.02 | (1.43, 2.60) | 41 | ②⑤ | Low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM/TCM+WM | TCM/WM | 4 (217/208) | Fixed | 4.99 | (4.31, 5.66) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low | |||
| He RZ et al 2020 | CD3+ | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (221/202) | Random | 7.62 | (3.99, 11.25) | 94 | ②③⑤ | Very low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (221/202) | Random | 7.37 | (4.63, 10.10) | 92 | ②③⑤ | Very low | |||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM+WM | WM | 4 (221/202) | Random | 0.33 | (0.24, 0.42) | 63 | ②③ | Low | |||
| Xu CL et al 2019 | CD3+ | TCM | WM | 4 (180/180) | Random | 4.00 | (0.64, 7.36) | 97 | ②③⑦ | Very low | ||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM | WM | 4 (180/180) | Random | 0.32 | (0.06, 0.59) | 97 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | CD3+ | TCM+WM | WM | 2 (96/90) | Random | 10.51 | (1.58, 19.44) | 94 | ②③⑤ | Very low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM+WM | WM | 3 (124/120) | Fixed | 0.32 | (0.08, 0.56) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low | |||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM+WM | WM | 2 (58/60) | Fixed | 0.32 | (0.08, 0.56) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low | |||
| Zhao SS et al 2016 | CD4+ | TCM+WM | WM | 2 (80/76) | Fixed | 6.15 | (4.76, 7.54) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low | ||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM+WM | WM | 2 (80/76) | Fixed | 0.36 | (0.25, 0.47) | 0 | ②⑤ | Low | |||
| Song T et al 2016 | CD3+ | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 3 (171/165) | Random | 10.16 | (4.62, 15.69) | 97.9 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 4 (257/250) | Random | 3.16 | (-0.27, 6.59) | 93 | ②③⑤⑦ | Very low | |||
| CD8+ | TCM/TCM+WM | WM | 4 (257/250) | Random | ﹣0.84 | (-2.50, 0.81) | 81.8 | ②③⑦ | Very low | |||
| An L et al 2018 | CD3+ | TCM+WM | WM | 3 (353/349) | Random | 2.54 | (0.94, 4.13) | 94 | ②③ | Low | ||
| CD4+ | TCM+WM | WM | 3 (353/349) | Random | 5.41 | (1.74, 9.08) | 99 | ②③ | Low | |||
| Shao YY et al 2022 | CD4+ | TCM | WM | 5 (285/284) | Fixed | 3.63 | (2.63, 4.63) | 0 | ② | Moderate | ||
| CD8+ | TCM | WM | 5 (227/226) | Fixed | -3.26 | (-3.97, -2.56) | 38 | ② | Moderate | |||
| CD4+/CD8+ | TCM | WM | 5 (174/173) | Fixed | 0.33 | (0.26, 0.41) | 0 | ② | Moderate | |||
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