Multiple acupuncture and moxibustion therapies for allergic rhinitis in adults: a network Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

doi:10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2026.01.001

Abstract

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of multiple acupuncture therapies in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) using a network Meta-analysis.

METHODS: This network Meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA-NMA guideline. Eight databases were systematically searched from inception to December 31, 2023, and retrieved references were managed using EndNote 20. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed with the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool (ROB 2.0). Data analysis was performed using R 4.2.1 and STATA 15.1.

RESULTS: A total of 56 studies that had enrolled 4859 patients with AR were included. Hand acupuncture (HA) combined with acupoint catgut embedding (AE), hand acupuncture with heat sensitive moxibustion (HA + HSM), and acupoint application were the most effective in attaining the clinical effective rate. HA + AE, hand acupuncture with indirect moxibustion (HA + IM), and electroacupuncture (EA) with AE ranked the highest with respect to the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire Score. HA + IM, HA, and HA + EA yielded the best Total Nasal Symptom Score, whereas HA + AE, EA + AE, and HA had the best results for the Total Non-Nasal Symptom Score. However, subgroup analyses of clinical efficacy revealed that HA + HSM had the best therapeutic effects in the short term, whereas HA + AE was the most effective in the medium to long term.

CONCLUSION: Combined acupuncture and moxibustion therapy may be a safe and effective intervention for patients with AR. HA + IM and HA + AE exhibited the most desirable therapeutic effects compared with other acupuncture and moxibustion therapies.

Key words: acupuncture, moxibustion, allergic rhinitis, network Meta-analysis, systematic review

LIN Lixia, LI Xin, LI Ling, YANG Pu, LU Liming, LIU Buping, SU Shengyong. Multiple acupuncture and moxibustion therapies for allergic rhinitis in adults: a network Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2026, 46(1): 1-13.

Figures/Tables 5

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Study	Intervention														Treatment (weeks)	Outcome
Study	E	Sample (M#/F)	Age	Duration		C				Sample (M#/F)	Age		Duration		Treatment (weeks)	Outcome
Xu SN et al 2005²⁸	AA	30	20-45	1-22Y		WM		30			21-46		1-22Y		4	1
Qiao FY et al 2005²⁹	EA	210 (102/108)	18-60	1-10Y		WM		210 (117/93)			19-60		1-8Y		3	1
Zhang B et al 2011³⁰	HSM	30 (18/12)	48.6± 13.2	6.8±3.3 (Y)		HA		30 (16/14)			49.2±15.5		5.9±3.1 (Y)		3	1
Yang XM et al 2021³¹	EA+ AE	36 (25/11)	38.14± 5.78	4.51± 2.06 (Y)		WM		36 (26/10)			37.94±4.69		4.02±1.79 (Y)		4	1
Chen T et al 2017³²	AA	34 (20/14)	26-63	1-25 (Y)		WM		32 (17/15)			28-61		1-22 (Y)		3	1
Li L et al 2009³³	HA	33 (13/20)	18-60	3 (D)-20 (Y)		APPS		33 (11/22)			19-59		1 (D)-18 (Y)		5	1
Lin C et al 2013³⁴	HA+ IM	12 (4/8)	34-55	2-17 (Y)		C1: HA C2: WM		C1: 11 (4/7) C2: 12 (5/7)			C1: 35-60 C2: 27-54		C1: 2-18 (Y) C2: 3-15 (Y)		4	2
Ye J et al 2019³⁵	AE	51 (27/24)	35±5	5.4± 3.2 (Y)		HA		51 (29/22)			33±6		5.3±2.3 (Y)		8	1
Yong RL et al 2016³⁶	HA	30 (13/17)	42.27± 9.28	6.48± 4.07 (Y)		WM		30 (14/16)			42.97±9.14		6.13±3.85 (Y)		4	2, 3
Meng S et al 2013³⁷	AE	40 (20/20)	35.00± 2.3	1.8 ± 0.6 (Y)		WM		50 (22/28)			37.0±2.2		1.9±0.8 (Y)		8	1
Liu TS et al 2014³⁸	EA	30 (16/14)	38±10	9.1± 3.4 (Y)		WM		30 (15/15)			41±12		8.5±2.6 (Y)		4	1
Liu WY 2015³⁹	HA+ AE	39 (22/17)	35.4±9.1	5.4± 2.2 (Y)		HA		39 (20/19)			36.2±11.2		5.5±2.4 (Y)		24	1, 2
Wang P 2013⁴⁰	EA	27 (11/16)	40.19± 12.19	6.81± 4.55 (Y)		WM		28 (11/17)			38.68±8.79		4.96±4.31 (Y)		4	2, 3, 4
Liu X et al 2021⁴¹	HA	30 (16/14)	36.20± 12.11	8.15± 6.09 (Y)		WM		30 (17/13)			39.23±11.67		10.06±7.19 (Y)		3	1, 2
Li S et al 2022⁴²	MB	32 (19/13)	40.1± 13.4	NA		WM		32 (22/10)			38.9±11.6		NA		4	1, 2, 3
Li Y et al 2019⁴³	HA	37 (20/17)	36.65± 2.19	10.43± 1.08 (M)		WM		38 (19/19)			38.35± 2.31		10.84±1.05 (M)		2	1, 2, 3, 4
Sun DP et al 2019⁴⁴	WA	50 (29/21)	38.70± 9.15	4.93 ± 3.49 (Y)		WM		50 (28/22)			36.52±9.86		4.55±2.90 (Y)		4	1
Chen S et al 2015⁴⁵	HA	34 (17/17)	44±9	6.8± 4.4 (Y)		WM		32 (14/18)			40±11		7.1±4.3 (Y)		8	1, 2, 3
Chen YD et al 2015⁴⁶	HA	30 (13/17)	42±3	8.0± 1.1 (Y)		WM		30 (18/12)			40±2		7.1±1.1 (Y)		8	1
Wu WB et al 2019⁴⁷	HA+ IM	36 (15/21)	47.22± 4.64	62.37± 25.13 (M)		WM		36 (16/20)			45.45±4.92		61.0±27.00 (M)		3	1, 3
Liu P et al 2018⁴⁸	HA	78 (37/41)	46.1±9.1	10.0± 5.1 (W)		PG		76 (43/33)			47.2±7.2		11.2±6.3 (W)		4	1, 2, 3, 4
Lin YF et al 2017⁴⁹	HSM	36 (17/19)	26.64± 5.70	2.96± 0.24 (Y)		WM		36 (16/20)			27.78 ±5.78		2.88±0.25 (Y)		3	1, 2
Zhao QY et al 2018⁵⁰	AN	25 (11/14)	38.18± 10.29	8.64± 2.06 (Y)		WM		24 (14/10)			36.64±9.52		9.00±2.49 (Y)		4	2
Xia QG et al 2012⁵¹	HA	57 (20/37)	21-59	20 (D)- 10 (Y)		WM		55 (28/27)			22-56		15 (D)-9 (Y)		4	1
Lin C et al 2013⁵²	HA+ IM	19 (5/14)	44.67± 10.43	8.99± 8.63 (Y)		C1: HA C2: WM		C1: 19 (6/13) C2: 20 (8/12)			C1: 48.04±13.34 C2: 40.03±14.07		C1: 9.81±8.05 (Y) C2: 6.72±5.41 (Y)		4	2
Cui X et al 2017⁵³	EA+ AE	33	35.39± 4.63	4.89± 0.87 (Y)		WM		33			38.05±4.62		5.39±0.85 (Y)		4	1, 2, 3, 4
Li Y et al 2021⁵⁴	HA	32 (16/16)	37±4	11.43± 3.13 (M)		WM		33 (18/15)			38±4		11.61±3.33 (M)		2	1, 2, 3, 4
Luo W et al 2021⁵⁵	HA	30 (12/18)	34±8	6.01± 2.31 (Y)		WM		30 (14/16)			35±7		6.23±2.56 (Y)		4	1, 2, 3, 4
Niu JM et al 2022⁵⁶	HA+ AE	43 (22/21)	44±11	5.59±1.28 (Y)		HA		43 (23/20)			43±11		5.59±1.87 (Y)		4	1, 2
Cui X et al 2018⁵⁷	EA+ AE	40 (16/24)	34.85± 12.38	3.76± 1.01 (Y)		WM		40 (15/25)			35.12±10.32		3.65±1.02 (Y)		4	1, 2
Zhang PP et al 2023⁶⁰	HA+ IM	26 (11/15)	39.62± 12.77	7.00± 4.22 (Y)		PG		26 (9/17)			38.23±14.29		8.48±6.29 (Y)		4	2, 3, 4
Wang P 2022⁶¹	HA	27 (13/14)	41.57± 9.22	6.35± 4.29 (Y)		WM		30 (13/17)			40.55±8.02		4.27±4.55 (Y)		4	1, 2, 3
Huo ZY et al 2020⁶⁵	HA	50 (28/22)	42.6±1.8		11±1.24 (Y)		WM		50 (30/20)			41.3±1.9		12±1.13 (Y)	8	1, 2, 3
Yang JX et al 2018⁶²	HA	58 (25/33)	40.91± 14.35		NA		WM		57 (26/31)			39.21±12.11		NA	3	1
Wei Y 2019⁶⁶	AE	30 (16/14)	42±8.31		14.28± 31.46 (M)		WM		30 (18/12)			40±10.82		13.57±29.45 (M)	4	1
Zhang LL et al 2016⁶³	HA+ AE	50 (29/21)	45.36± 2.52		3.34± 1.15 (Y)		HA		50 (22/28)			46.27±1.27		3.25±1.31 (Y)	24	1
Yao WJ et al 2021⁶⁷	AE	30 (16/14)	35.56± 7.33		1.95± 0.36 (Y)		WM		30 (17/13)			34.76±7.06		1.89±0.55 (Y)	4	2
Zhu QY et al 2020⁶⁸	HA+ HSM	40 (25/15)	37.63± 8.52		8.59± 2.57 (Y)		HA		40 (26/14)			37.91±8.74		8.31±2.12 (Y)	12	1
Song WJ et al 2020⁶⁹	HA	32 (17/15)	43.7±13.9		8.00± 3.94 (Y)		WM		32 (19/13)			44.6±13.4		7.91±3.71 (Y)	4	1
Sun X et al 2021⁷⁰	MB	47 (31/16)	43.21± 7.29		10.64±3.85 (Y)		WM		47 (29/18)			42.36±6.85		11.17±3.21 (Y)	4	3
Xiong CY et al 2019⁵⁸	HA+ HSM	30 (14/16)	41.7±11.2		NA		C1: HSM C2: WM		C1: 30 (16/14) C2: 30 (15/15)			C1: 41.6±10.5 C2: 41.2±12.2		NA	3	1
Zhao QY et al 2020⁷¹	AN	31	18-65		NA		WM		30			18-65		NA	4	2, 3, 4
Zhang YH 2017⁵⁹	WA	43 (20/23)	43.25± 0.04		NA		EA		43 (21/22)			43.13±0.14		NA	NA	1
Li RY et al 2013⁷²	WA	62	42.57± 9.85		NA		WM		62			40.32±10.45		NA	4	1
Fu YQ et al 2018⁶⁴	HA+ AE	36 (21/15)	41.8±5.8		NA		HA		35 (18/17)			42.1±5.5		NA	4	1
Wang DS et al 2021⁷³	HA+ IM	37 (17/20)	34.48± 0.36		NA		WM		37 (19/18)			33.98±0.43		NA	12	1
Wang F et al 2016⁷⁴	WA	50 (24/26)	36.25± 10.23		NA		EA		50 (24/26)			32.48±9.63		NA	NA	1
Jia XJ et al 2019⁷⁵	HA+ IM	36 (20/16)	35±4		5.55±1.23 (Y)		WM		36 (21/15)			35±4		5.64±1.29 (Y)	12	1
Xu XW et al 2017⁷⁶	WA	46	41.3±2.2		1.2±1.1 (Y)		EA		46			44.2±2.6		1.6±1.2 (Y)	NA	1
Wang H et al 2013⁷⁷	EA	41 (19/22)	44±10		7.9±5.3 (Y)		WM		40 (17/23)			40±10		6.6±5.0 (Y)	4	1
Choi SM et al 2013⁷⁸	HA	95 (39/56)	38.97±11.33		11.43±9.20 (M)		PG		93 (30/63)			37.04±12.23		12.02±7.40 (M)	4	3, 4
Chen YD et al 2016⁷⁹	HA	36 (15/21)	43.08± 2.58		7.08±0.88 (Y)		WM		34 (16/18)			43.47±2.21		6.62±1.06 (Y)	8	1
Li XR et al 2016⁸⁰	AE	64 (29/35)	36.11±11.50		NA		PG		64 (36/28)			38.08±12.11		NA	2	2
Yung TY et al 2019⁸¹	HA+ IM	32 (16/16)	43.59± 13.67		19.75± 12.62 (Y)		HA		32 (6/26)			44.41±13.63		16.22±10.43 (Y)	4	3
Dai L et al 2019⁸²	AA	46 (23/23)	45.6±15.1		17.1±11.8 (Y)		PG		46 (25/21)			40.4±15.6)		15.0±8.1 (Y)	4	3
Gong Z et al 2020⁸³	HA	81 (36/45)	37.99± 9.62		6.16±3.86 (Y)		WM		80 (33/47)			38.28±11.29		6.21±3.99 (Y)	2	1, 2

Study	Intervention														Treatment (weeks)	Outcome
Study	E	Sample (M#/F)	Age	Duration		C				Sample (M#/F)	Age		Duration		Treatment (weeks)	Outcome
Xu SN et al 2005²⁸	AA	30	20-45	1-22Y		WM		30			21-46		1-22Y		4	1
Qiao FY et al 2005²⁹	EA	210 (102/108)	18-60	1-10Y		WM		210 (117/93)			19-60		1-8Y		3	1
Zhang B et al 2011³⁰	HSM	30 (18/12)	48.6± 13.2	6.8±3.3 (Y)		HA		30 (16/14)			49.2±15.5		5.9±3.1 (Y)		3	1
Yang XM et al 2021³¹	EA+ AE	36 (25/11)	38.14± 5.78	4.51± 2.06 (Y)		WM		36 (26/10)			37.94±4.69		4.02±1.79 (Y)		4	1
Chen T et al 2017³²	AA	34 (20/14)	26-63	1-25 (Y)		WM		32 (17/15)			28-61		1-22 (Y)		3	1
Li L et al 2009³³	HA	33 (13/20)	18-60	3 (D)-20 (Y)		APPS		33 (11/22)			19-59		1 (D)-18 (Y)		5	1
Lin C et al 2013³⁴	HA+ IM	12 (4/8)	34-55	2-17 (Y)		C1: HA C2: WM		C1: 11 (4/7) C2: 12 (5/7)			C1: 35-60 C2: 27-54		C1: 2-18 (Y) C2: 3-15 (Y)		4	2
Ye J et al 2019³⁵	AE	51 (27/24)	35±5	5.4± 3.2 (Y)		HA		51 (29/22)			33±6		5.3±2.3 (Y)		8	1
Yong RL et al 2016³⁶	HA	30 (13/17)	42.27± 9.28	6.48± 4.07 (Y)		WM		30 (14/16)			42.97±9.14		6.13±3.85 (Y)		4	2, 3
Meng S et al 2013³⁷	AE	40 (20/20)	35.00± 2.3	1.8 ± 0.6 (Y)		WM		50 (22/28)			37.0±2.2		1.9±0.8 (Y)		8	1
Liu TS et al 2014³⁸	EA	30 (16/14)	38±10	9.1± 3.4 (Y)		WM		30 (15/15)			41±12		8.5±2.6 (Y)		4	1
Liu WY 2015³⁹	HA+ AE	39 (22/17)	35.4±9.1	5.4± 2.2 (Y)		HA		39 (20/19)			36.2±11.2		5.5±2.4 (Y)		24	1, 2
Wang P 2013⁴⁰	EA	27 (11/16)	40.19± 12.19	6.81± 4.55 (Y)		WM		28 (11/17)			38.68±8.79		4.96±4.31 (Y)		4	2, 3, 4
Liu X et al 2021⁴¹	HA	30 (16/14)	36.20± 12.11	8.15± 6.09 (Y)		WM		30 (17/13)			39.23±11.67		10.06±7.19 (Y)		3	1, 2
Li S et al 2022⁴²	MB	32 (19/13)	40.1± 13.4	NA		WM		32 (22/10)			38.9±11.6		NA		4	1, 2, 3
Li Y et al 2019⁴³	HA	37 (20/17)	36.65± 2.19	10.43± 1.08 (M)		WM		38 (19/19)			38.35± 2.31		10.84±1.05 (M)		2	1, 2, 3, 4
Sun DP et al 2019⁴⁴	WA	50 (29/21)	38.70± 9.15	4.93 ± 3.49 (Y)		WM		50 (28/22)			36.52±9.86		4.55±2.90 (Y)		4	1
Chen S et al 2015⁴⁵	HA	34 (17/17)	44±9	6.8± 4.4 (Y)		WM		32 (14/18)			40±11		7.1±4.3 (Y)		8	1, 2, 3
Chen YD et al 2015⁴⁶	HA	30 (13/17)	42±3	8.0± 1.1 (Y)		WM		30 (18/12)			40±2		7.1±1.1 (Y)		8	1
Wu WB et al 2019⁴⁷	HA+ IM	36 (15/21)	47.22± 4.64	62.37± 25.13 (M)		WM		36 (16/20)			45.45±4.92		61.0±27.00 (M)		3	1, 3
Liu P et al 2018⁴⁸	HA	78 (37/41)	46.1±9.1	10.0± 5.1 (W)		PG		76 (43/33)			47.2±7.2		11.2±6.3 (W)		4	1, 2, 3, 4
Lin YF et al 2017⁴⁹	HSM	36 (17/19)	26.64± 5.70	2.96± 0.24 (Y)		WM		36 (16/20)			27.78 ±5.78		2.88±0.25 (Y)		3	1, 2
Zhao QY et al 2018⁵⁰	AN	25 (11/14)	38.18± 10.29	8.64± 2.06 (Y)		WM		24 (14/10)			36.64±9.52		9.00±2.49 (Y)		4	2
Xia QG et al 2012⁵¹	HA	57 (20/37)	21-59	20 (D)- 10 (Y)		WM		55 (28/27)			22-56		15 (D)-9 (Y)		4	1
Lin C et al 2013⁵²	HA+ IM	19 (5/14)	44.67± 10.43	8.99± 8.63 (Y)		C1: HA C2: WM		C1: 19 (6/13) C2: 20 (8/12)			C1: 48.04±13.34 C2: 40.03±14.07		C1: 9.81±8.05 (Y) C2: 6.72±5.41 (Y)		4	2
Cui X et al 2017⁵³	EA+ AE	33	35.39± 4.63	4.89± 0.87 (Y)		WM		33			38.05±4.62		5.39±0.85 (Y)		4	1, 2, 3, 4
Li Y et al 2021⁵⁴	HA	32 (16/16)	37±4	11.43± 3.13 (M)		WM		33 (18/15)			38±4		11.61±3.33 (M)		2	1, 2, 3, 4
Luo W et al 2021⁵⁵	HA	30 (12/18)	34±8	6.01± 2.31 (Y)		WM		30 (14/16)			35±7		6.23±2.56 (Y)		4	1, 2, 3, 4
Niu JM et al 2022⁵⁶	HA+ AE	43 (22/21)	44±11	5.59±1.28 (Y)		HA		43 (23/20)			43±11		5.59±1.87 (Y)		4	1, 2
Cui X et al 2018⁵⁷	EA+ AE	40 (16/24)	34.85± 12.38	3.76± 1.01 (Y)		WM		40 (15/25)			35.12±10.32		3.65±1.02 (Y)		4	1, 2
Zhang PP et al 2023⁶⁰	HA+ IM	26 (11/15)	39.62± 12.77	7.00± 4.22 (Y)		PG		26 (9/17)			38.23±14.29		8.48±6.29 (Y)		4	2, 3, 4
Wang P 2022⁶¹	HA	27 (13/14)	41.57± 9.22	6.35± 4.29 (Y)		WM		30 (13/17)			40.55±8.02		4.27±4.55 (Y)		4	1, 2, 3
Huo ZY et al 2020⁶⁵	HA	50 (28/22)	42.6±1.8		11±1.24 (Y)		WM		50 (30/20)			41.3±1.9		12±1.13 (Y)	8	1, 2, 3
Yang JX et al 2018⁶²	HA	58 (25/33)	40.91± 14.35		NA		WM		57 (26/31)			39.21±12.11		NA	3	1
Wei Y 2019⁶⁶	AE	30 (16/14)	42±8.31		14.28± 31.46 (M)		WM		30 (18/12)			40±10.82		13.57±29.45 (M)	4	1
Zhang LL et al 2016⁶³	HA+ AE	50 (29/21)	45.36± 2.52		3.34± 1.15 (Y)		HA		50 (22/28)			46.27±1.27		3.25±1.31 (Y)	24	1
Yao WJ et al 2021⁶⁷	AE	30 (16/14)	35.56± 7.33		1.95± 0.36 (Y)		WM		30 (17/13)			34.76±7.06		1.89±0.55 (Y)	4	2
Zhu QY et al 2020⁶⁸	HA+ HSM	40 (25/15)	37.63± 8.52		8.59± 2.57 (Y)		HA		40 (26/14)			37.91±8.74		8.31±2.12 (Y)	12	1
Song WJ et al 2020⁶⁹	HA	32 (17/15)	43.7±13.9		8.00± 3.94 (Y)		WM		32 (19/13)			44.6±13.4		7.91±3.71 (Y)	4	1
Sun X et al 2021⁷⁰	MB	47 (31/16)	43.21± 7.29		10.64±3.85 (Y)		WM		47 (29/18)			42.36±6.85		11.17±3.21 (Y)	4	3
Xiong CY et al 2019⁵⁸	HA+ HSM	30 (14/16)	41.7±11.2		NA		C1: HSM C2: WM		C1: 30 (16/14) C2: 30 (15/15)			C1: 41.6±10.5 C2: 41.2±12.2		NA	3	1
Zhao QY et al 2020⁷¹	AN	31	18-65		NA		WM		30			18-65		NA	4	2, 3, 4
Zhang YH 2017⁵⁹	WA	43 (20/23)	43.25± 0.04		NA		EA		43 (21/22)			43.13±0.14		NA	NA	1
Li RY et al 2013⁷²	WA	62	42.57± 9.85		NA		WM		62			40.32±10.45		NA	4	1
Fu YQ et al 2018⁶⁴	HA+ AE	36 (21/15)	41.8±5.8		NA		HA		35 (18/17)			42.1±5.5		NA	4	1
Wang DS et al 2021⁷³	HA+ IM	37 (17/20)	34.48± 0.36		NA		WM		37 (19/18)			33.98±0.43		NA	12	1
Wang F et al 2016⁷⁴	WA	50 (24/26)	36.25± 10.23		NA		EA		50 (24/26)			32.48±9.63		NA	NA	1
Jia XJ et al 2019⁷⁵	HA+ IM	36 (20/16)	35±4		5.55±1.23 (Y)		WM		36 (21/15)			35±4		5.64±1.29 (Y)	12	1
Xu XW et al 2017⁷⁶	WA	46	41.3±2.2		1.2±1.1 (Y)		EA		46			44.2±2.6		1.6±1.2 (Y)	NA	1
Wang H et al 2013⁷⁷	EA	41 (19/22)	44±10		7.9±5.3 (Y)		WM		40 (17/23)			40±10		6.6±5.0 (Y)	4	1
Choi SM et al 2013⁷⁸	HA	95 (39/56)	38.97±11.33		11.43±9.20 (M)		PG		93 (30/63)			37.04±12.23		12.02±7.40 (M)	4	3, 4
Chen YD et al 2016⁷⁹	HA	36 (15/21)	43.08± 2.58		7.08±0.88 (Y)		WM		34 (16/18)			43.47±2.21		6.62±1.06 (Y)	8	1
Li XR et al 2016⁸⁰	AE	64 (29/35)	36.11±11.50		NA		PG		64 (36/28)			38.08±12.11		NA	2	2
Yung TY et al 2019⁸¹	HA+ IM	32 (16/16)	43.59± 13.67		19.75± 12.62 (Y)		HA		32 (6/26)			44.41±13.63		16.22±10.43 (Y)	4	3
Dai L et al 2019⁸²	AA	46 (23/23)	45.6±15.1		17.1±11.8 (Y)		PG		46 (25/21)			40.4±15.6)		15.0±8.1 (Y)	4	3
Gong Z et al 2020⁸³	HA	81 (36/45)	37.99± 9.62		6.16±3.86 (Y)		WM		80 (33/47)			38.28±11.29		6.21±3.99 (Y)	2	1, 2

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