Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 78-87.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20231204.003
• Original articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
WU Jieya1, HOU Li1, ZHANG Xiaoyuan1, Elizabeth Gullen2, GAO Chong3(), WANG Jing1()
Received:
2022-10-17
Accepted:
2023-02-21
Online:
2024-02-15
Published:
2023-12-04
Contact:
Dr. GAO Chong, Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China. gaochong9356@126.com;Dr. WANG Jing, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China. jwang2936@126.com. Telephone: +86-10-84013145
Supported by:
WU Jieya, HOU Li, ZHANG Xiaoyuan, Elizabeth Gullen, GAO Chong, WANG Jing. Efficacy of Yisui granule (益髓颗粒) on myelodysplastic syndromes in SKM-1 mouse xenograft model through suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(1): 78-87.
Figure 1 YSG reduced decitabine-induced adverse effects and prolonged OS A: tumor tissues of each group from d15. Except for DAC, n = 6, for other groups, n = 7. B: tumor size of each group during d1 to d15. Two-way ANOVA was applied. Except for DAC, n = 6, for other groups, n = 7. C: tumor weight of each group from d15. Except for DAC, n = 6, for other groups, n = 7. D: effect of high-dosage, medium-dosage, low-dosage YSG, and decitabine on body weight of animals. Except for DAC, n = 6, for other groups, n = 7. E: animal body weight of each group from d15. Except for DAC, n = 6, for other groups, n = 7. F: effect of high-dosage YSG, medium-dosage YSG, and/or decitabine on tumor size in animals from d1 to d41. For all groups, n = 7. G: comparison of tumor size between each group in d22. For Control and YSG+DAC, n = 5. For DAC, n = 4. For YSG-H and YSG-M, n = 7. H: effect of high-dosage YSG, medium-dosage YSG, and/or decitabine on body weight of animals from d1 to d41. For all groups, n = 7. I: the Kaplan-Meier survival graph represents the effect of high-dosage YSG, medium-dosage YSG, and/or decitabine on OS. For all groups, n = 7. Control: control group (0.9% NaCl oral administration, 0.2 mL/10 g, 14 d); DAC: decitabine group (decitabine intraperitoneal injection, 0.5 mg/kg per time per day, 5 d); YSG-H: high-dosage YSG group (YSG solution oral administration, 69 g/kg per day, 14 d); YSG-M: medium-dosage YSG group (YSG solution oral administration, 34.5 g/kg per day, 14 d); YSG-L: low dosage YSG group (YSG solution oral administration, 17.25 g/kg per day, 14 d); YSG+DAC: medium-dosage YSG and decitabine combination group (YSG solution oral administration, 34.5g/kg per day, d1-d14 + decitabine, 0.5 mg/kg per day, intraperitoneal injection, d1-d5). YSG: Yisui granule; OS: overall survival; ANOVA: analysis of variance. One-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were applied. The data measured in this research were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Compared with the Control, aP < 0.05; compared with the DAC, bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01.
Figure 2 YSG negatively regulated DNMT1 in a dose-dependent manner, demethylated the sFRP5 gene, and up-regulated the expression of the sFRP5 protein A: effect of high-dosage, medium-dosage, low-dosage YSG and decitabine on DNMT1 protein expression determined by western blotting, n = 3. B: effect of high-dosage, medium-dosage, low-dosage YSG and decitabine on DNMT1 mRNA expression determined by real-time PCR, n = 3. C: Western blot analysis of the effect of high-dosage, medium-dosage low-dosage YSG and decitabine on DNMT1 and sFRP5 with β-actin as loading control among different groups. Cropped blots are used in this figure, and they have been run under the same experimental conditions. n = 3. D: effect of high-dosage, medium-dosage, low-dosage YSG, and decitabine on sFRP5 pair 1 gene determined by bisulfite amplicon sequencing, n = 3. E: effect of high-dosage, medium-dosage, low-dosage YSG, and decitabine on the level of methylation of the sFRP5 pair 1 gene methylation level, n = 3. F: effect of high-dosage, medium-dosage, low-dosage YSG, and decitabine on sFRP5 protein expression determined by western blotting. n = 3. G: effect of high-dosage, medium-dosage, low-dosage YSG, and decitabine on sFRP5 mRNA expression determined by real-time PCR. n = 3. Control: control group (0.9% NaCl oral administration, 0.2 mL/10 g, 14 d); DAC: decitabine group (decitabine intraperitoneal injection, 0.5 mg/kg per time per day, 5 d); YSG-H: high-dosage YSG group (YSG solution oral administration, 69 g/kg per day, 14 d); YSG-M: medium-dosage YSG group (YSG solution oral administration, 34.5 g/kg per day, 14 d); YSG-L: low dosage YSG group (YSG solution oral administration, 17.25 g/kg per day, 14 d). YSG: Yisui granule; DNMT1: DNA methyltransferase 1; sFRP5: secreted frizzled related protein 5; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; ANOVA: analysis of variance. One-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA were performed. The data measured in this research were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Compared with the Control, aP < 0.001, bP < 0.01, and cP < 0.05; compared with the DAC, dP < 0.05.
sFRP5 Gene Methylation | DAC | YSG-H | YSG-M | YSG-L |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pair 1 | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | - |
Pair 2 | ↓↓ | - | ↓ | - |
Total | ↓↓ | - | ↓ | - |
Table 1 Comparison between high-dosage, medium-dosage, low-dosage YSG and decitabine and Control about sFRP5 gene in pair1, pair2 and total
sFRP5 Gene Methylation | DAC | YSG-H | YSG-M | YSG-L |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pair 1 | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | - |
Pair 2 | ↓↓ | - | ↓ | - |
Total | ↓↓ | - | ↓ | - |
Figure 3 YSG negatively regulated protein and mRNA expressions in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway A: Wnt/β-catenin signaling mechanism. In the "Off state" β-catenin forms a macromolecular complex with AXIN, APC, CK1, and GSK (destruction complex). Phosphorylation by CK1 and GSK prepares β-catenin to be ubiquitinated and degraded. In "On state", the interaction of the Wnt3a ligand with receptor sFRP5 and DVL is recruited to the plasma membrane. the nucleus. Then, β-catenin is no longer phosphorylated and ubiquitinated because the destruction complex disassembles. The β-catenin accumulated in the cytoplasm is translocated to the nucleus. It displaces the co-repressor Groucho and interacts with TCF to activate gene expressions, including c-Myc and cyclinD1. B: down-regulation effect of high-dosage YSG, medium-dosage YSG and/or decitabine on the immunofluorescence signal of β-catenin. The right lanes are stained with DAPI to capture the nuclear orientation (blue). The middle lanes are probed with anti-β-catenin antibodies to examine the localization of β-catenin (red). The left lanes represent a merge of DAPI and anti-β-catenin staining. B1: merge of Control; B2: β-catenin of Control; B3: DAPI of Control; B4: merge of DAC; B5: β-catenin of DAC; B6: DAPI of DAC; B7: merge of YSG-H; B8: β-catenin of YSG-H; B9: DAPI of YSG-H; B10: merge of YSG-M; B11: β-catenin of YSG-M; B12: DAPI of YSG-M; B13: merge of YSG-L; B14: β-catenin of YSG-L; B15: DAPI of YSG-L. C: effect of high-dosage, medium-dosage, low-dosage YSG, and decitabine on protein and mRNA expressions of Wnt3a, β-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclyinD1. C1: western blot result of Wnt3a protein; C2: western blot result of β-catenin protein; C3: Western blot result of c-Myc protein; C4: western blot result of cyclinD1 protein; C5: western blot analysis of Wnt3a, β-catenin, c-Myc, cyclinD1 and β-actin proteins; C6: mRNA of β-catenin; C7: mRNA of c-Myc; C8: mRNA of cyclyinD1. Control: control group (0.9% NaCl oral administration, 0.2 mL/10 g, 14 d); DAC: decitabine group (decitabine intraperitoneal injection, 0.5 mg/kg per time per day, 5 d); YSG-H: high-dosage YSG group (YSG solution oral administration, 69 g/kg per day, 14 d); YSG-M: medium-dosage YSG group (YSG solution oral administration, 34.5 g/kg per day, 14 d); YSG-L: low dosage YSG group (YSG solution oral administration, 17.25 g/kg per day, 14 d). YSG: Yisui granule; APC: adenomatous polyposis coli; CK1: casein kinase 1; sFRP5: secreted frizzled related protein 5; DVL: dishevelled; TCF: T-cell factor; DAPI; 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; ANOVA: analysis of variance. Using Western blotting and real-time PCR, collected data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, n = 3. The data measured in this research were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Compared with the Control, aP < 0.001, bP < 0.01, and fP < 0.05; compared with the DAC, cP < 0.01; compared with the YSG-H, dP < 0.001; compared with the YSG-M, eP < 0.01.
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