Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine >
Clinical practice guideline for Traditional Chinese Medicine: cervical radiculopathy
Received date: 2025-03-12
Accepted date: 2025-07-10
Online published: 2025-11-24
Supported by
National Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Team Project: Innovation Team for Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Degenerative Bone and Joint Diseases(ZYYCXTDC-202003);2022 Young Qihuang Scholars Training Program (The letter of Department of Personnel and Education, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine [2022] No. 256);Cross Cooperation Project of Beijing Nova Program of Science and Technology: Research on High-Precision Digital Traditional Chinese Medicine Manipulation Therapy Combining Medicine and Engineering(20220484228);Special Project on Evidence-based Clinical Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the High-level Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Construction Project of Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences: Research on the Dose-Effect Regularity of Cervical Rotation Traction Manipulation in Treating Cervical Radiculopathy and Its Mechanism of Regulating Peripheral Muscle-Cerebral Cortex Hemodynamics(WJYY-XZKT-2023-05)
Cervical radiculopathy (CR) poses a significant challenge due to its debilitating impact on physical function, daily activities, psychological well-being, and social engagement. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has emerged as a valuable approach in managing CR. This study aims to present a comprehensive clinical practice guideline for the management of CR through TCM. Utilizing internationally recognized guideline standards, we meticulously developed this guideline. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was employed to rigorously assess evidence quality and recommendation strength. Recommendations were formulated through the nominal group technique. Expert consensus identified nine clinical questions and twenty-three outcome indicators. After careful consideration of evidence quality, balance of benefits and harms, patient preferences, costs, clinical feasibility, accessibility, and clinical acceptability, the guideline working group formulated seventeen recommendations. These recommendations encompass various aspects such as diagnosis, TCM syndrome types, Chinese medicine compounds, Chinese patent medicines, acupuncture, manual therapy, traditional exercise therapy, surgical indications, and preventive measures. The majority of recommendations were weakly suggested or consensus-based, with the exception of acupuncture and manual therapy, which received strong recommendations. This guideline serves as a valuable resource for enhancing clinical decision-making and contributing to the comprehensive management of patients with CR.
Tianxiao FENG , Xiaokuan QIN , Kai SUN , Xu WANG , Yanming XIE , Long GE , Youxin SU , Peimin WANG , Yong MA , Liguo ZHU , Xu WEI . Clinical practice guideline for Traditional Chinese Medicine: cervical radiculopathy[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 45(6) : 1423 -1434 . DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2025.06.020
| 1. | Carette S, Fehlings MG. Clinical practice. Cervical radiculopathy. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 392-9. |
| 2. | Theodore N. Degenerative cervical spondylosis. N Engl J Med 2020; 383: 159-68. |
| 3. | Iyer S, Kim HJ. Cervical radiculopathy. Cervical radiculopathy. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2016; 9: 272-80. |
| 4. | Plener J, Mior S, Atkinson-Graham M, Hogg-Johnson S, C?té P, Ammendolia C. Information is power: a qualitative study exploring the lived experiences of patients with degenerative cervical radiculopathy. Pain 2024; 165: 347-56. |
| 5. | Tampin B, Slater H, Briffa NK. Neuropathic pain components are common in patients with painful cervical radiculopathy, but not in patients with nonspecific neck-arm pain. Clin J Pain 2013; 29: 846-56. |
| 6. | Xie K, Wang Z. A predictive model for the risk of recurrence of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy after surgery. Pain Ther 2023; 12: 1385-96. |
| 7. | Mansfield M, Smith T, Spahr N, Thacker M. Cervical spine radiculopathy epidemiology: a systematic review. Musculoskeletal Care 2020; 18: 555-67. |
| 8. | Radhakrishnan K, Litchy WJ, O'Fallon WM, Kurland LT. Epidemiology of cervical radiculopathy. A population-based study from Rochester, Minnesota 1994; 117: 325-35. |
| 9. | Schoenfeld AJ, George AA, Bader JO, Caram PM Jr. Incidence and epidemiology of cervical radiculopathy in the United States military: 2000 to 2009. J Spinal Disord Tech 2012; 25: 17-22. |
| 10. | Plener J, Csiernik B, To D, et al. Conservative management of cervical radiculopathy: a systematic review. Clin J Pain 2023; 39: 138-46. |
| 11. | Buser Z, Ortega B, D'Oro A, et al. Spine degenerative conditions and their treatments: national trends in the United States of America. Global Spine J 2018; 8: 57-67. |
| 12. | Cook C, Roman M, Stewart KM, Leithe LG, Isaacs R. Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of clinical special tests for myelopathy in patients seen for cervical dysfunction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009; 39: 172-8. |
| 13. | Woods BI, Hilibrand AS. Cervical radiculopathy: epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Spinal Disord Tech 2015; 28: E251-9. |
| 14. | Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008; 336: 924-6. |
| 15. | Graham R, Mancher M, Miller Wolman D, Greenfield S, Steinberg E. Clinical practice guidelines we can trust. Washington: The National Academies Press, 2011: 1-266. |
| 16. | World Health Organization. WHO Handbook for Guideline Development. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014: 1-167. |
| 17. | Chen Y, Yang K, Wang X. Guiding principles for the development/revision of clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines in China (Version 2022). Nat Med J Chin 2022; 102: 697-703. |
| 18. | Brouwers MC, Kerkvliet K, Spithoff K; AGREE Next Steps Consortium. The AGREE Reporting Checklist: a tool to improve reporting of clinical practice guidelines. The AGREE Reporting Checklist: a tool to improve reporting of clinical practice guidelines. BMJ 2016; 354: i4852. |
| 19. | Schünemann HJ, Mustafa R, Brozek J, et al. GRADE Guidelines: 16. GRADE evidence to decision frameworks for tests in clinical practice and public health. J Clin Epidemiol 2016; 76: 89-98. |
| 20. | Canfield SE, Dahm P. Rating the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using GRADE. World J Urol 2011; 29: 311-7. |
| 21. | Chen Y, Yang K, Maru?ic A, et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: the RIGHT statement. Ann Intern Med 2017; 166: 128-32. |
| 22. | World Health Organization. Declaration of interests for WHO experts, 2014-09-25, cited 2021-09-05; 2 screens. Available from URL: https://www.who.int/about/ethics/declarations-of-interest. |
| 23. | GRADEpro GDT. GRADE your evidence and improve your guideline development in health care, 2013, cited 2022-12-25; 2 screens. Available from URL: https://gradepro.org. |
| 24. | Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, et al. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ 2017; 358: j4008. |
| 25. | Hopp L. Risk of bias reporting in Cochrane systematic reviews. Int J Nurs Pract 2015; 21: 683-6. |
| 26. | Balshem H, Helfand M, Schünemann HJ, et al. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 2011; 64: 401-6. |
| 27. | Li C, Zhao C, Chen Y, Hu J. Development of grading criteria on recommendations in clinical guidelines/consensus for Traditional Chinese Medicine. J Tradit Chin Med 2020; 61: 486-92. |
| 28. | Bono CM, Ghiselli G, Gilbert TJ, et al. An evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical radiculopathy from degenerative disorders. Spine J 2011; 11: 64-72. |
| 29. | Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine. The Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of cervical spondylosis. Beijing: Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2010: 1-22. |
| 30. | Expert group on standardized diagnosis and treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Expert consensus on the standardization of diagnosis and treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Zhong Hua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2015; 53: 812-4. |
| 31. | China Association of Chinese Medicine. Cervical radiculopathy (ZYYXH/T409-2012). Feng Shi Bing Yu Guan Jie Yan 2013; 2: 78-80. |
| 32. | China Academy of Chinese Medical Science. Evidence-based Guidelines of Clinical Practice in Chinese Medicine·Specific Disease. Beijing: China Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, 2011: 65-89. |
| 33. | Wei X, Fang SJ, Sun K, et al. Advances in the study of Chinese medical syndrome of cervical radiculopathy. Nanjing Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao 2021; 37: 632-6. |
| 34. | Bu G, Sun X, Yang N, Wang SL. Clinical analysis of cervical traction combined with oral administration and external application of Chinese medicine for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Shi Jie Zhong Yi Yao 2018; 13: 885-8. |
| 35. | Zhao FC. Effect of cervical traction combined with internal and external application of Traditional Chinese Medicine on patients with cervical radiculopathy. Zhong Guo Bao Jian Ying Yang 2019; 29: 357. |
| 36. | Liu CY. Effect of Shentong Zhuyu Decoction on 43 cases of cervical radiculopathy treated by internal and external application combined with cervical traction. Lin Chuang Yi Xue Yan Jiu Yu Shi Jian 2016; 1: 108-9. |
| 37. | Yang JJ. Therapeutic effect analysis of Gegen decoction combined with divergent shock wave in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (wind-cold-dampness type). Hubei: Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 2022: 1-58. |
| 38. | Zhu YF, Li WQ, Wu SX. Treatment of 94 patients with cervical radiculopathy with modified Gegen decoction combined with percutaneous direct current stimulation. Guang Ming Zhong Yi 2019; 34: 359-60. |
| 39. | Lu XC. Clinical observation of Gegen decoction combined with shock wave in treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Neimenggu Zhong Yi Yao 2020; 39: 119-21. |
| 40. | Liu ZF, Li J, Wang DB. Observation of curative effect of integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on cervical radiculopathy. Shi Yong Zhong Yi Yao Za Zhi 2019; 35: 1122-3. |
| 41. | Hu JH. Clinical observation of cervical traction and "Gegen Decoction" in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Shanghai Zhong Yi Yao 2010; 44: 62-3. |
| 42. | Zhao XL, Feng KH, Shen JJ, Si YL, Wang GH, Wang GD. Observation on the clinical effect of Gegen decoction combined with traction in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Gan Su Ke Ji 2022; 38: 108-10. |
| 43. | Ding ZQ. The clinical effect observation about cervical spondylotic radiculopathy of the cold dampness type treated by Guizhi add Gegen decoction. Sichuan: Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2016: 1-55. |
| 44. | Zhong JS, Zhang L, Yao HM. Clinical observation on the teatment of nerve-root-type cervical spondylosis with Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang and traction therapy. Feng Shi Bing Yu Guan Jie Yan 2015; 4: 21-3. |
| 45. | Lin CJ, Zou LF, Luo YY, Zhang TT. Clinical effect of Duhuo Jisheng decoction combined with celecoxib on patients with acute cervical radiculopathy. Zhong Cheng Yao 2021; 43: 3552-5. |
| 46. | Li ZK. Clinical study of modified Duhuojisheng decoction in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Tangshan: North China University of Science and Technology, 2018: 1-43. |
| 47. | Zhu L, Gao J, Yu J, et al. Jingtong granule: a Chinese patent medicine for cervical radiculopathy. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015: 158453. |
| 48. | Liu SF, Chen Y, Wan RJ, Chen MM. Clinical observation on cervical radiculopathy treated by Jingtong granule. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng 2013; 22: 1967-8. |
| 49. | Jin XH, Niu HF, Li H. Clinical observation of Jingtong granule treating acute attack of cervical radiculopathy. Zhong Yi Zheng Gu 2008; 20: 15-6. |
| 50. | Liu JM, Zhang J. Observation on the effect of Jingtong granule oncervical radiculopathy. Zhong Yi Zheng Gu 2008; 20: 11-3. |
| 51. | Zhou J, Liu F, Jiang W, Hu M. Cost-effectiveness of Jingshu granules compared to placebo for the treatment of patients with cervical radiculopathy in China: a decision-tree model based on randomized controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25: 1183-92. |
| 52. | Yang Z, Lin XQ, Zheng Z. Clinical observation of 48 cases of cervical radiculopathy treated by Jishu granule. Hunan Zhong Yi Za Zhi 2020; 36: 58-60. |
| 53. | Meng JH, Zhou HZ, Ren SJ, Li YF, Gao X. Clinical observation of shockwave combined with Jingshu granules on cervical spondylosis of nerve root type (Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis Type). Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng 2021; 30: 1590-2, 1601. |
| 54. | Li N. Efficacy observation of Shujin Tongluo particles in treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Zhong Guo Yi Yao Ke Xue 2013; 3: 105-6. |
| 55. | Liang D, Cui JC, Zhang HJ, Duan WJ. Clinical observation on 2170 cases of cervical spondylosis of nerve root and vertebral artery type treated with Shujin Tongluo granule. Zhong Yi Za Zhi 2016; 57: 1226-30. |
| 56. | Wang Y, Chen X. Clinical observation on acupuncture at neck pain points and neck Jiaji points in treatment of nerve root type of cervical spondylosis. Hubei Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao 2020; 22: 96-8. |
| 57. | Yan WW. Clinical research of using acupuncture and dermal needle on treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Yunnan: Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2016: 1-70. |
| 58. | Peng R. Effect of acupuncture on 60 cases of cervical radiculopathy. Xin Zhong Yi 2013; 45: 113-4. |
| 59. | Zhou P, Li GA. Clinical study of the effect of acupuncture on trapezius muscle tension in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Shanghai Zhen Jiu Za Zhi 2010; 29: 28-30. |
| 60. | Wan BJ. Clinical study on the treatment of cervical radiculopathy with acupuncture. Hubei: Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 2006: 1-33. |
| 61. | Zeng ZR. Clinical study on acupuncture Jiaji therapy in the treatment of nerve root cervical spondylosis. Guangdong: Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 2010: 1-57. |
| 62. | Fu LQ. Clinical research on treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy with cervical Jiaji points and dragon-tiger contending method. Fujian: Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2019: 1-46. |
| 63. | Deng YQ, Guo QY, Xie LF, Yang X, Lin YX, Han M. Clinical observation of 30 cases of cervical radiculopathy treated by hysteretic acupuncture. Hunan Zhong Yi Za Zhi 2017; 33: 77-9. |
| 64. | Zhao XT, Fang YT, Lin MH, Xie YY. Clinical observation of 45 cases of cervical radiculopathy treated by acupuncture at Houxi point combined with traction. Zhong Yi Yao Tong Bao 2015; 14: 59-60. |
| 65. | Cao L, Zeng Z, Li PF. Clinical study of floating needle combined with maxilloception traction in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Hunan Shi Fan Da Xue Xue Bao (Yi Xue Ban) 2022; 19: 69-73. |
| 66. | Da NL, Xia ZX, Zhang XL, Zhu DH, Duan X. Effect of traction combined with nape eight-needle on cervical spine function and pain in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Fan She Liao Fa Yu Kang Fu Yi Xue 2022; 3: 37-9, 50. |
| 67. | Wang JW, Han LB, Wang P, Ren T. Clinical observation of acupuncture combined with traction in treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Shi Yong Zhong Yi Yao Za Zhi 2020; 36: 239-40. |
| 68. | Lai MT. Clinical observation of the giant acupuncture combined with cervical traction in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy in acute period. Fujian: Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2018: 1-51. |
| 69. | Liu XF, Wang F, Zhang WC, Yu WH. Thirty cases of cervical spondylosis of nerve root type treated with abdominal acupuncture therapy in combination with traction therapy. Henan Zhong Yi 2017; 37: 350-2. |
| 70. | Feng L. Clinical observation on upper limb pain of cervical radiculopathy treated with wrist and ankle acupuncture. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng 2014; 23: 2356-7. |
| 71. | Chen HY, Xie YL, Yang XF. Clinical observation of electroacupuncture on cervical radiculopathy. Guang Ming Zhong Yi 2015; 30: 2180-2. |
| 72. | Jin ZH. Clinical observation on treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy by electro-acupuncture on Jiaji points. Jiangsu: Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 2011: 1-34. |
| 73. | Zhang HL, Jin R. A randomized controlled trial of electroacupuncture and traction for treatment of nerve-root type cervical spondylosis. Zhong Guo Zhen Jiu 2003; 23: 637-9. |
| 74. | Zeng HT. Analysis of the effect of electroacupuncture combined with traction on cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Zhong Yi Yao Lin Chuang Za Zhi 2022; 34: 2155-8. |
| 75. | Liu Z, Chen HL, Pang RM. Clinical observation of cervical three-needle electroacupuncture combined with cervical traction in treatment of single level radiculopathy of cervical spondylopathy. Zhong Yi Yao Dao Bao 2020; 26: 27-31. |
| 76. | Li H. Needling axillary nerve in treating 40 cases of shoulder-arm pain induced by cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Xi Bu Zhong Yi Yao 2018; 31: 102-4. |
| 77. | Zhang YJ, Quan C. Analysis of the effect of axillary nerve acupuncture on shoulder and arm pain caused by cervical radiculopathy. Dang Dai Yi Yao Lun Cong 2019; 17: 42-3. |
| 78. | Mi ZX, Bi JW. Clinical observation on massage for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Xi Bu Zhong Yi Yao 2013; 26: 101-2. |
| 79. | Liu ZG. Clinical observation of treating cervical radiculopathy by massaging scalene muscle. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Gu Shang Ke Za Zhi 2014; 22: 65-6. |
| 80. | Zhang HZ, Lin ZG, Chen SJ. Clinical observation of massage combined with cervical traction in improving pain symptoms of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. An Mo Yu Kang Fu Yi Xue 2019; 10: 29-31. |
| 81. | Zhang JX. Clinical observation of the Sun’s Rotatory Manipulation about the treatment of the spondylotic radiculopathy. Guangdong: Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 2008: 1-30. |
| 82. | Liang J. Effect of the massage treatment for cervical spondylosis of nerve root type. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Gu Shang Ke Za Zhi 2012; 20: 24-5. |
| 83. | Bai J. Observation on the clinical effect of supine fixation manipulation in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Beijing: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 2012: 1-43. |
| 84. | Jiang CB, Wang J, Zheng ZX, Hou JS, Ma L, Sun T. Efficacy of cervical fixed-point traction manipulation for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao 2012; 10: 54-8. |
| 85. | Zhu W. “Treating neck three stages nine methods” treat nerve root type vertebrae cervicales disease clinical curative effect observe. Shaanxi: Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 2013: 1-31. |
| 86. | Gao Y. A multicenter randomized controlled clinical study of Shi's "three steps and nine methods of neck consolidation" in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Shanghai: Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2013: 1-74. |
| 87. | Li SB, Yuan H, Li ZX, Wang LX, Li XB, Zhang YC. Effect of spine fine adjusting manipulation in treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Zhong Guo Xian Dai Yi Sheng 2014; 52: 116-8. |
| 88. | Liu WP. The clinical observation on the treatment of cervical spondylopathy radiculopathy with emei’s "Chang Qi Tong Luo" ManipuIation. Guangdong: Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 2015: 1-37. |
| 89. | Zhang RC, Ma XW, Shen MQ. Cervical three steps nine manuevers in treatment of cervical spondylosis radiculopathy by randomized controlled clinical trial. Liaoning Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao 2015; 17: 81-3. |
| 90. | Yang M. Randomized controlled clinical application of Shi's "three steps and nine methods" in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Anhui: Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 2015: 1-60. |
| 91. | Xue HX. Observation on the effect of lifting and wrapping manipulation in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Xian Dai Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2015; 24: 2114-6. |
| 92. | Cui XJ, Yao M, Ye XL, et al. Shi-style cervical manipulations for cervical radiculopathy: a multicenter randomized-controlled clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96: e7276. |
| 93. | Liu Z. Clinical observation on the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy with balance chiropractic therapy. Shaanxi: Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 2017: 1-39. |
| 94. | Zhang P, Yang M, Wang ZL. Clinical observation of 73 cases of cervical radiculopathy treated by three-point chiropractic operation. Hunan Zhong Yi Za Zhi 2017; 33: 94-6. |
| 95. | Zhu MJ. Clinical observation on chiropractic therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in treating cervical radiculopathy. Gui Yang: Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, 2017: 1-68. |
| 96. | Li SP, Tang SD, Wang YN, Chen RB, Lian Q. Shangde bone-setting manipulation treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy for young and middle-aged. Shandong Zhong Yi Za Zhi 2017; 36: 876-8. |
| 97. | Chen MS, Liu WP, Wang Z, Diao HH, Ling YQ, Yang RX. Clinical study on Emei Sect's "Changqi Tongluo" manipulation in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Hebei Zhong Yi 2019; 41: 429-33. |
| 98. | Qiu WM. Observation on the effect of different directions of rotation manipulation on cervical radiculopathy. Yunnan Zhong Yi Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 41: 69-71. |
| 99. | Wang HX. Clinical observation of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy treated by flexion rotation lifting manipulation. Jiangxi: Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 2021: 1-51. |
| 100. | Xie HL. A randomized controlled study on the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy with three direction drafting method. Changchun: Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 2018: 1-30. |
| 101. | Sun WQ, Xie XF, Wang JQ, et al. Clinical observation of the therapeutic effect of spine fine adjusting in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and the conversion of cervical curvature. Zhong Hua Zhong Yi Yao Za Zhi 2010; 25: 1526-8. |
| 102. | Yang QX, Cao Z, Yang JB. Treatment of 50 cases of cervical radiculopathy by traction rotatory manipulation. Jiangxi Zhong Yi Yao 2012; 43: 41-2. |
| 103. | Chen ZL, Tang CQ. Clinical study of cervical radiculopathy treated by traction osteoplasty. Xin Zhong Yi 2013; 45: 138-9. |
| 104. | Liu JY. Clinically therapeutic effect of traction manipulation on cervical spondylosis with nerve root type. Zhen Jiu Lin Chuang Za Zhi 2015; 31: 49-51. |
| 105. | Xu JH. Effects of traction manipulation adjustment and simple traction in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Lin Chuang Yi Xue Yan Jiu Yu Shi Jian 2018; 3: 122-3. |
| 106. | Guo ZB, Tan QN, Li GY, Li MM, Mo HY. Observation of therapeutic effect of sinew-bone balance massage on cervical radiculopathy. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng 2021; 30: 1070-3. |
| 107. | Chen JS. Randomized controlled trial of cervical lifting-rotation manipulation in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Anhui: Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 2022: 1-48. |
| 108. | Zhang WY. Clinical study of traction and bone setting manipulation treatment of nerve root type cervical spondylosis. Changchun: Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 2014: 1-33. |
| 109. | Wang JX, Zheng HY. Clinical study of subtraction manipulation in treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Zhong Yi Wai Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 29: 12-4. |
| 110. | Tu JK, Li FF, Fu TF, et al. Effect of Modified First Three Postures of the Baduanjin Exercise in Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy. Zhong Guo Quan Ke Yi Xue 2022; 25: 3783-8. |
| 111. | Yang KP, Liu J, Yue F, Yin Q. The analysis of the therapeutic effect of Baduanjin exercises on cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. An Mo Yu Kang Fu Yi Xue 2021; 12: 14-6, 9. |
| 112. | Liu DZ, Chen JY, Chen SF. Effect observation of the application of simplified Chen's Taiji Exercise on cervical spondylosis. Yi Yao Qian Yan 2018; 8: 36-8. |
| 113. | Zang L, Hai Y, Fan N, et al. Cervical radiculopathy treatment experts' consensus to establish radiculopathy type by using the modified Delphi method. Zhong Hua Gu Ke Za Zhi 2015; 35: 890-7. |
| 114. | The Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Surgery. The experts consensus on the surgical treatment and perioperative management of cervical spondylosis (2018). Zhong Hua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 56: 881-4. |
| 115. | Kuijper B, Tans JT, Beelen A, Nollet F, de Visser M. Cervical collar or physiotherapy versus wait and see policy for recent onset cervical radiculopathy: randomised trial. BMJ 2009; 339: b3883. |
| 116. | Liang L. The study on the effect and mechanism of cervical rehabilitation exercise for cervical radiculopathy. Beijing: China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 2020: 1-257. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |