OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of osteoking, a Traditional Chinese Medicine originating from Yi nationality, against osteoporosis(OP) and osteoporotic fracture(OPF), and to elucidate its mechanism of action.METHODS: An osteoporotic fracture rat model was established; animals were divided into three treatment groups: parathyroid hormone, osteoking and0.9%NaCl. After 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, serum and bone tissues were collected. Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay, x-ray, histopathological evaluation and proteomics were used.Proteomics and GO annotation were performed based on identified peptides. The relative network was obtained from the STRING database and verified by polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.RESULTS: After osteoking treatment, the bone mineral density(BMD) increased with time in the osteoking group. At week 12, the BMD and bone mineral salt content of the osteoking group were 4.5%and 20.6% higher than those of the negative control group, respectively. Furthermore, the body weight followed the order of positive control group > osteoking group > negative control group,with significant differences among the groups(P