Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 1217-1226.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20240409.001
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Bailing capsule (百令胶囊) alleviates autoimmune thyroiditis via regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway: a multi-omics analysis
WANG Qixin1, XU Liting1, WU Jiangpeng2, HE Xueling1, TANG Huan1, CHENG Guangqing1, LU Tianming1, DAI Chuanhao1, GUO Qiuyan1(
), WANG Jigang1,2()
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
2 School of Chinese Materia Medica, and State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
-
Received:2023-11-19Accepted:2024-03-11Online:2024-12-15Published:2024-04-09 -
Contact:WANG Jigang, State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. jgwang@icmm.ac.cn Telephone: +86-18211077872, +86-18260046833
GUO Qiuyan, State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. qyguo@icmm.ac.cn -
Supported by:Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Studies on the Antimalarial and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Artemisinin and the Expansion of New Indicationsptor Containing Pyrin Domain 3 Inflammasome to Explore the Mechanism of Bufei Huoxue Capsule on Pulmonary Fibrosis in Silicosis(ZYYCXTD-C-202002)
Cite this article
WANG Qixin, XU Liting, WU Jiangpeng, HE Xueling, TANG Huan, CHENG Guangqing, LU Tianming, DAI Chuanhao, GUO Qiuyan, WANG Jigang. Bailing capsule (百令胶囊) alleviates autoimmune thyroiditis via regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway: a multi-omics analysis[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(6): 1217-1226.
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Figure 1 Influence of BL on body weight, thyroid function related antibody and hormone levels in AIT rats A: effect of BL on weight change of rats during the administration cycle; B: effect of BL on TPO-Ab of rats at the end of the administration; C: effect of BL on TG-Ab of rats at the end of the administration; D: effects of BL on serum concentration of FT3 in rats; E: effects of BL on serum concentration of FT4 in rats; F: effects of BL on serum concentration of TSH in rats; G: images of HE staining in thyroid tissue of BL-treated rats (× 40), G1: control, G2: model, G3: BL-low, G4: BL-high; H: images of thyroid ultrastructure in BL-treated rats, H1: control (× 300), H2: model (×300), H3: BL-low (× 300), H4: BL-high (× 300), H5: control (× 800), H6: model (× 800), H7: BL-low (× 800), H8: BL-high (× 800). Control treated with normal saline, model treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) on days 0, 14, and 21, BL-low treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) and BL (1 g/kg), BL-high treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) and BL (5 g/kg). BL: Bailing capsule; AIT: autoimmune thyroiditis; pTg: porcine thyroglobulin; TPO-Ab: thyroid peroxidase antibody; TG-Ab: thyroglobulin antibody; FT3: triiodothyronine; FT4: free thyroxine; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone; Mv: microvillus; TJ: tight juactim; De: desmosome; Col: colloid; N: nucleus; M: mitochondrion; RER: rough endoplasmic reticulum; V: colloid vesicles; G: secretory granules; ASS: autolysosome; Go: golgi apparatus. Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for comparison analysis. Statistical significance between the groups was determined by Dunnett's T3 analysis. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). aP < 0.001, cP < 0.01, vs Model; bP < 0.001 vs Control.
Figure 1 Influence of BL on body weight, thyroid function related antibody and hormone levels in AIT rats A: effect of BL on weight change of rats during the administration cycle; B: effect of BL on TPO-Ab of rats at the end of the administration; C: effect of BL on TG-Ab of rats at the end of the administration; D: effects of BL on serum concentration of FT3 in rats; E: effects of BL on serum concentration of FT4 in rats; F: effects of BL on serum concentration of TSH in rats; G: images of HE staining in thyroid tissue of BL-treated rats (× 40), G1: control, G2: model, G3: BL-low, G4: BL-high; H: images of thyroid ultrastructure in BL-treated rats, H1: control (× 300), H2: model (×300), H3: BL-low (× 300), H4: BL-high (× 300), H5: control (× 800), H6: model (× 800), H7: BL-low (× 800), H8: BL-high (× 800). Control treated with normal saline, model treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) on days 0, 14, and 21, BL-low treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) and BL (1 g/kg), BL-high treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) and BL (5 g/kg). BL: Bailing capsule; AIT: autoimmune thyroiditis; pTg: porcine thyroglobulin; TPO-Ab: thyroid peroxidase antibody; TG-Ab: thyroglobulin antibody; FT3: triiodothyronine; FT4: free thyroxine; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone; Mv: microvillus; TJ: tight juactim; De: desmosome; Col: colloid; N: nucleus; M: mitochondrion; RER: rough endoplasmic reticulum; V: colloid vesicles; G: secretory granules; ASS: autolysosome; Go: golgi apparatus. Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for comparison analysis. Statistical significance between the groups was determined by Dunnett's T3 analysis. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). aP < 0.001, cP < 0.01, vs Model; bP < 0.001 vs Control.
Figure 2 Effect of BL on the serum cytokine levels of AIT rats A: effect of BL on inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ of rats; B: effect of BL on inflammatory cytokines IL-4 of rats; C: effect of BL on inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ/IL-4 values of rats; D: effect of BL on inflammatory cytokines IL-12 of rats; E: effect of BL on inflammatory cytokines IL-10 of rats; F: effect of BL on inflammatory cytokines IL-12/IL-10 values of rats. Control treated with normal saline, model treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) on day 0, 14, and 21, BL-low treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) and BL (1 g/kg), BL-high treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) and BL (5 g/kg). BL: Bailing capsule; AIT: autoimmune thyroiditis; pTg: porcine thyroglobulin; IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; IL-4: interleukin-4; IL-10: interleukin-10; IL-12: interleukin-12. Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for comparison analysis. Statistical significance between the groups was determined by Dunnett's T3 analysis. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). aP < 0.001 vs Control; bP < 0.001, cP < 0.01 vs Model.
Figure 2 Effect of BL on the serum cytokine levels of AIT rats A: effect of BL on inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ of rats; B: effect of BL on inflammatory cytokines IL-4 of rats; C: effect of BL on inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ/IL-4 values of rats; D: effect of BL on inflammatory cytokines IL-12 of rats; E: effect of BL on inflammatory cytokines IL-10 of rats; F: effect of BL on inflammatory cytokines IL-12/IL-10 values of rats. Control treated with normal saline, model treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) on day 0, 14, and 21, BL-low treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) and BL (1 g/kg), BL-high treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) and BL (5 g/kg). BL: Bailing capsule; AIT: autoimmune thyroiditis; pTg: porcine thyroglobulin; IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; IL-4: interleukin-4; IL-10: interleukin-10; IL-12: interleukin-12. Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for comparison analysis. Statistical significance between the groups was determined by Dunnett's T3 analysis. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). aP < 0.001 vs Control; bP < 0.001, cP < 0.01 vs Model.
Figure 3 Expression profiling changes of genes in the thyroid A: the volcano plots indicated the relative expressions of DEGs in “Model vs Control”; B; the volcano plots indicated the relative expressions of DEGs in “BL-high vs Model”; C: KEGG analysis showed the relative expressions of DEGs and enriched pathways in “Model vs Control”; D: KEGG analysis showed the relative expressions of DEGs and enriched pathways in “BL-high vs Model”. Control treated with normal saline, model treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) on days 0, 14, and 21, BL-high treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) and BL (5 g/kg). pTg: porcine thyroglobulin; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes.
Figure 3 Expression profiling changes of genes in the thyroid A: the volcano plots indicated the relative expressions of DEGs in “Model vs Control”; B; the volcano plots indicated the relative expressions of DEGs in “BL-high vs Model”; C: KEGG analysis showed the relative expressions of DEGs and enriched pathways in “Model vs Control”; D: KEGG analysis showed the relative expressions of DEGs and enriched pathways in “BL-high vs Model”. Control treated with normal saline, model treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) on days 0, 14, and 21, BL-high treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) and BL (5 g/kg). pTg: porcine thyroglobulin; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes.
Figure 4 Identification of altered protein expression and functional pathways in response to BL A: the volcanic plot indicates the relative expressions of DEPs in “Model vs Control”; B; the volcano plots indicated the relative expressions of DEPs in “BL-high vs Model”; C: enrichment analysis of DEPs by KEGG in “Model vs Control”; D: enrichment analysis of DEPs by KEGG in “BL-high vs Model”; E: protein interaction analysis based on string database; F: determination of Fabp4 expression level in thyroid tissue; G: determination of Acsl1 expression level in thyroid tissue; H: determination of Acadl expression level in thyroid tissue; I: statistical result for the expression of Fabp4; G: statistical result for the expression of Acsl1; K: statistical result for the expression of Acadl. Control treated with normal saline, model treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) on days 0, 14, and 21, BL-high treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) and BL (5 g/kg). BL: Bailing capsule; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; pTg: porcine thyroglobulin; Acsl1: acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 1; Acsl4: acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4; Acsl5: acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 5; Fabp4: fatty acid-binding protein 4; Acadl: acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase long chain; Acadm: acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase middle chain; Pck1: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1; Adipoq: adiponectin. Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for comparison analysis. Statistical significance between the groups was determined by Dunnett's T3 analysis. Data was presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). aP < 0.01, cP < 0.05 vs Control; bP < 0.001, dP < 0.01, eP < 0.05 vs Model.
Figure 4 Identification of altered protein expression and functional pathways in response to BL A: the volcanic plot indicates the relative expressions of DEPs in “Model vs Control”; B; the volcano plots indicated the relative expressions of DEPs in “BL-high vs Model”; C: enrichment analysis of DEPs by KEGG in “Model vs Control”; D: enrichment analysis of DEPs by KEGG in “BL-high vs Model”; E: protein interaction analysis based on string database; F: determination of Fabp4 expression level in thyroid tissue; G: determination of Acsl1 expression level in thyroid tissue; H: determination of Acadl expression level in thyroid tissue; I: statistical result for the expression of Fabp4; G: statistical result for the expression of Acsl1; K: statistical result for the expression of Acadl. Control treated with normal saline, model treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) on days 0, 14, and 21, BL-high treated with 100 μL pTg (1 mg/mL) and BL (5 g/kg). BL: Bailing capsule; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; pTg: porcine thyroglobulin; Acsl1: acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 1; Acsl4: acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4; Acsl5: acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 5; Fabp4: fatty acid-binding protein 4; Acadl: acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase long chain; Acadm: acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase middle chain; Pck1: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1; Adipoq: adiponectin. Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for comparison analysis. Statistical significance between the groups was determined by Dunnett's T3 analysis. Data was presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). aP < 0.01, cP < 0.05 vs Control; bP < 0.001, dP < 0.01, eP < 0.05 vs Model.
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