OBJECTIVE:To determine the mechanisms by which Kangxianling(KXL) treats renal interstitial fibrosis using a customized gene chip.METHODS:Twelve out of 18 specific pathogen-free sprague dawley(SPF SD) rats underwent a unilateral ureteral occlusion.These rats were then randomly assigned into either the model unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) or Kangxianling(KXL) group.The other six rats were assigned to the sham-operated group.The UUO and sham-operated groups were given normal saline via intragastric administration,whereas the KXL group was given KXL via intragastric administration.All rats were sacrificed for renal tissue collection(i.e.left nephridial tissue),and the detection of genetic changes with the customized chip.RESULTS:Compared to the sham-operated group,transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),Smad2,and Smad3 genes were significantly up-regulated in the UUO group,with >1.5-fold rise(P1.5-fold(P1.5-fold(P1.5-fold(P