OBJECTIVE: To investigate neuropsychological features of post-stroke cognitive impairment with no dementia(PSCIND) patients with different Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) syndromes.METHODS: We recruited 50 patients with PSCIND between April 2012 and March 2013. Patients were divided into different groups according to TCM classifications. Patients were assessed using neuropsychological tests, including cognitive screening(mini-mental state examination), memory testing (auditory verbal learning test), executive/attention[shape trails test, stroop color-word test(SCWT),reading the mind in the eyes test, the digit ordering test-A(DOT-A), and symbol digit modalities test], language(action naming test, Boston naming test, famous face test, similarity test, and verbal fluency test), and visuospatial functioning [complex figure test(CFT)].RESULTS: We found no significant differences between patients with and without a diagnosis of turbid phlegm blocking the upper orifices on neuropsychological test performance. Patients diagnosed with upper hyperactivity of liver Yang syndrome scored significantly lower on the SCWT-C executive test and the CFT-delayed recall memory test. Patients with excess syndrome scored significantly lower on the SCWT-C executive test, and significantly higher on the DOT-A executive test.CONCLUSION: Neuropsychological characteristics differ between PSCIND patients with different TCM classifications.