Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 885-895.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20240806.006
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Regulatory effects of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-myosin light chain kinase pathway on the intestinal epithelial mechanical barrier and the mechanism of modified Pulsatilla decoction (加味白头翁汤) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
WU Tingting1, YANG Xin1,2, ZHU Huiping1, GUO Jinwei1, ZHU Hui1, ZHANG Peipei1, WANG Meng1, LIANG Guoqiang1,3(
), SUN Hongwen1()
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215003, China
2 Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215153, China
3 Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215003, China
-
Received:2023-06-11Accepted:2023-11-15Online:2024-10-15Published:2024-08-06 -
Contact:SUN Hongwen, Department of Internal Medicine, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215003, China. shw8101@163.com; LIANG Guoqiang, Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215003, China. 616250366@qq.com Telephone: +86-512-67872371 -
Supported by:Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province-funded Project: Regulation of Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Proteins Through the p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-Myosin Light Chain kinase Signaling Pathway in Ulcerative Colitis Treatment by Modified Pulsatilla Decoction(BK20201179);Jiangsu Health Commission-funded Project: Study on the Prevention of Postoperative Recurrence in Patients with Colorectal Adenoma and High Triglyceride based on the Theory of “Treating the Disease Before It Gets Worse” by Modified Jisheng Wumei Pill(BJ23039);Suzhou Health Commission-funded Project: Study on the Technical Application of Xu Jingfan's “Eliminating Stasis and Protecting Membrane” Method to Regulate Recombinant NLR Family, Pyrin Domain Containing Protein 3 to Repair Esophageal Mucosa in Reflux Esophagitis treatment(SS202080);Suzhou Health Commission-funded Project(SKY2022015);Suzhou Health Commission-funded Project: Clinical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques for Reflux Esophagitis Treatment with Graded Step-down Therapy by Combining Traditional Chinese and Western medicine(LCZX201817)
Cite this article
WU Tingting, YANG Xin, ZHU Huiping, GUO Jinwei, ZHU Hui, ZHANG Peipei, WANG Meng, LIANG Guoqiang, SUN Hongwen. Regulatory effects of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-myosin light chain kinase pathway on the intestinal epithelial mechanical barrier and the mechanism of modified Pulsatilla decoction (加味白头翁汤) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 44(5): 885-895.
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Figure 1 The p38MAPK-MLCK pathway regulates intestinal mechanical barrier function A: analysis of TEER in IEC-6 cells after exposure to LPS, SB203580, and ML-7 HCL for 24 h; B: analysis of permeability in IEC-6 cells; C: yhe p-p38MAPK, p38MAPK, p-MLC, and MLCK proteins were detected by western blotting analysis; D: band intensity was quantitated using densitometry; E: bar graphs showed the relative quantification of p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK. Control group: basal medium. LPS group: LPS (30 μg/mL). SB203580 group: SB203580 (10 μm /L). ML-7 HCL group: ML-7 HCL (10 μm/L) SB203580 + LPS group: LPS group + SB203580 (10 μm /L). ML-7 HCL + LPS group: LPS group + ML-7 HCL (10 μm/L) and LPS (30 μg/mL). LPS: lipopolysaccharide; SB203580: p38MAPK inhibitor; ML-7 HCL: ML-7 hydrochloride, MLCK inhibitor; TEER: transepithelial electronic resistance. Statistical analyses were measured using one-way or two-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Compared with the control group, aΡ<0.01; compared with the LPS group, bΡ<0.01.
Figure 1 The p38MAPK-MLCK pathway regulates intestinal mechanical barrier function A: analysis of TEER in IEC-6 cells after exposure to LPS, SB203580, and ML-7 HCL for 24 h; B: analysis of permeability in IEC-6 cells; C: yhe p-p38MAPK, p38MAPK, p-MLC, and MLCK proteins were detected by western blotting analysis; D: band intensity was quantitated using densitometry; E: bar graphs showed the relative quantification of p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK. Control group: basal medium. LPS group: LPS (30 μg/mL). SB203580 group: SB203580 (10 μm /L). ML-7 HCL group: ML-7 HCL (10 μm/L) SB203580 + LPS group: LPS group + SB203580 (10 μm /L). ML-7 HCL + LPS group: LPS group + ML-7 HCL (10 μm/L) and LPS (30 μg/mL). LPS: lipopolysaccharide; SB203580: p38MAPK inhibitor; ML-7 HCL: ML-7 hydrochloride, MLCK inhibitor; TEER: transepithelial electronic resistance. Statistical analyses were measured using one-way or two-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Compared with the control group, aΡ<0.01; compared with the LPS group, bΡ<0.01.
Figure 2 Regulation of tight junctions (TJ) protein by p38MAPK-MLCK pathway A: analysis of TEER and in IEC-6 cells after silencing p38MAPK, NF-κB, and MLCK gene; B: analysis of permeability in IEC-6 cells; C: ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin proteins were detected by western blotting analysis; D: relative gene expression level of ZO-1 in IEC-6 cells; E: relative gene expression level of Claudin-1 in IEC-6 cells; F: relative gene expression level of Occludin in IEC-6 cells; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MPD: modified Pulsatilla decoction; TEER: transepithelial electronic resistance; p38MAPK: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B; MLCK: myosin light chain kinase. Statistical analyses were measured using one-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Compared with the control group, aΡ<0.01; compared with the LPS group, bΡ<0.01.
Figure 2 Regulation of tight junctions (TJ) protein by p38MAPK-MLCK pathway A: analysis of TEER and in IEC-6 cells after silencing p38MAPK, NF-κB, and MLCK gene; B: analysis of permeability in IEC-6 cells; C: ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin proteins were detected by western blotting analysis; D: relative gene expression level of ZO-1 in IEC-6 cells; E: relative gene expression level of Claudin-1 in IEC-6 cells; F: relative gene expression level of Occludin in IEC-6 cells; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MPD: modified Pulsatilla decoction; TEER: transepithelial electronic resistance; p38MAPK: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B; MLCK: myosin light chain kinase. Statistical analyses were measured using one-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Compared with the control group, aΡ<0.01; compared with the LPS group, bΡ<0.01.
Figure 3 MPD protects against LPS-induced damage to the epithelial barrier of the intestine via the inhibition of the p38MAPK-MLCK pathway A: analysis of TEER and in IEC-6 cells after exposure to LPS, MPD and SB203580 for 24 h; B: analysis of permeability in IEC-6 cells; C: TJ proteins were detected by western blotting analysis; D: p38MAPK-MLCK pathway related proteins were detected by western blotting analysis; E: relative protein expression of p38MAPK-MLCK pathway related proteins in IEC-6 cells; F: relative protein expression of TJ related proteins in IEC-6 cells; G: relative gene levels of TJ proteins in IEC-6 cells. Control group: basal medium; LPS group: LPS (30 μg/mL); MPD group: 10%MPD-containing serum; MPD + LPS group: LPS group + 10%MPD-containing serum; SB203580 + LPS group: LPS group + SB203580 (10 μm/L). LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MPD: modified Pulsatilla decoction; TJ: tight junction; TEER: transepithelial electronic resistance; SB203580: p38MAPK inhibitor; p38MAPK: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; MLCK: myosin light chain kinase. Statistical analyses were measured using one-way or two-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Compared with the control group, aΡ<0.01; compared with the LPS group, bΡ<0.01; compared with the LPS group, cΡ<0.05.
Figure 3 MPD protects against LPS-induced damage to the epithelial barrier of the intestine via the inhibition of the p38MAPK-MLCK pathway A: analysis of TEER and in IEC-6 cells after exposure to LPS, MPD and SB203580 for 24 h; B: analysis of permeability in IEC-6 cells; C: TJ proteins were detected by western blotting analysis; D: p38MAPK-MLCK pathway related proteins were detected by western blotting analysis; E: relative protein expression of p38MAPK-MLCK pathway related proteins in IEC-6 cells; F: relative protein expression of TJ related proteins in IEC-6 cells; G: relative gene levels of TJ proteins in IEC-6 cells. Control group: basal medium; LPS group: LPS (30 μg/mL); MPD group: 10%MPD-containing serum; MPD + LPS group: LPS group + 10%MPD-containing serum; SB203580 + LPS group: LPS group + SB203580 (10 μm/L). LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MPD: modified Pulsatilla decoction; TJ: tight junction; TEER: transepithelial electronic resistance; SB203580: p38MAPK inhibitor; p38MAPK: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; MLCK: myosin light chain kinase. Statistical analyses were measured using one-way or two-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Compared with the control group, aΡ<0.01; compared with the LPS group, bΡ<0.01; compared with the LPS group, cΡ<0.05.
Figure 4 MPD is protective against DSS-induced colitis in vivo A: body weight changes of rats; B: DAI scores of rats; C: representative transmission electron microscope picture of colon tissue from each group. C1: Control group; C2: DSS group; C3: Mesalazine group; 4: MPD group. Scale bar = 0.5 μm, × 20 000; D: representative hematoxylin-eosin staining of colon tissue from each group. D1: Control group; D2: DSS group; D3: Mesalazine group; D4: MPD group. Scale bar = 100 μm, × 200; E: relative gene levels of TJ in the rat colonic tissue. F: the p-p38MAPK, p-MLC, and MLCK proteins were detected using Western blotting. G: band intensity was quantitated using densitometry. Control group: NS via enema. UC group: NS via enema, Mesalazine group: mesalazine 0.42 g/kg via enema. MPD group: MPD 17.28 g/kg via enema. MPD: modified Pulsatilla decoction; DSS: dextran sodium sulfate; p38MAPK: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; MLCK: myosin light chain kinase. Statistical analyses were measured using one-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Compared with the control group, aΡ<0.01; Compared with the DSS group, bΡ<0.01; compared with the DSS group, cΡ<0.05.
Figure 4 MPD is protective against DSS-induced colitis in vivo A: body weight changes of rats; B: DAI scores of rats; C: representative transmission electron microscope picture of colon tissue from each group. C1: Control group; C2: DSS group; C3: Mesalazine group; 4: MPD group. Scale bar = 0.5 μm, × 20 000; D: representative hematoxylin-eosin staining of colon tissue from each group. D1: Control group; D2: DSS group; D3: Mesalazine group; D4: MPD group. Scale bar = 100 μm, × 200; E: relative gene levels of TJ in the rat colonic tissue. F: the p-p38MAPK, p-MLC, and MLCK proteins were detected using Western blotting. G: band intensity was quantitated using densitometry. Control group: NS via enema. UC group: NS via enema, Mesalazine group: mesalazine 0.42 g/kg via enema. MPD group: MPD 17.28 g/kg via enema. MPD: modified Pulsatilla decoction; DSS: dextran sodium sulfate; p38MAPK: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; MLCK: myosin light chain kinase. Statistical analyses were measured using one-way analysis of variance for multimal comparisons. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Compared with the control group, aΡ<0.01; Compared with the DSS group, bΡ<0.01; compared with the DSS group, cΡ<0.05.
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