Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 167-175.DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.02.002
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Biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Hypericum perforatum and Origanum vulgare extracts and their main components, hypericin and carvacrol as promising antibacterial agents
Mojtaba Khaksarian1, Mahmoud Bahmani2(
), Morovat Taherikalani3, Behnam Ashrafi4, Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei5, Naser Abbasi6
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
3 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
4 Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
5 Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
6 Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
-
Received:2020-10-28Accepted:2021-03-03Online:2022-04-01Published:2022-04-01 -
Contact:Mahmoud Bahmani -
About author:Dr. Mahmoud Bahmani; Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Bangjab Campus, Postal Code: 6939177143; mahmood.bahmani@gmail.com
Cite this article
Mojtaba Khaksarian, Mahmoud Bahmani, Morovat Taherikalani, Behnam Ashrafi, Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei, Naser Abbasi. Biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Hypericum perforatum and Origanum vulgare extracts and their main components, hypericin and carvacrol as promising antibacterial agents[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2022, 42(2): 167-175.
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Figure 1 FTIR spectra of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles A: hydroalcoholic extract Hypericum perforatum; B: hypericin; C: hydroalcoholic extract of Origanum vulgare; D: carvacrol. FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Based on the analysis of the spectra of hydroalcoholic extracts of synthesezied using Origanum vulgare is observed in wavelengths of 1225 cm-1 (C-O stretch) and 625 cm-1 (C-Br stretch) of titanium bond. It is also observed for Origanum vulgare NPs. at a wavelength of 3352 O-H stretch. TiO2 NPs. using carvacrol is observed in titanium at wavelengths of 1161 cm-1 (C-O stretch) and 627 cm-1 (C-Br stretch). It is also observed for TiO2 NPs. synthesized using carvacrol at a wavelength of 3927 cm-1 (O-H stretch). TiO2 NPs. synthesized using hydroalcoholic extract of Hypericum perforatum is also observed at a wavelength 1158 cm-1 (C-O stretch) and 628 cm-1 (C-Br stretch) are observed bond with titanium. TiO2 NPs. synthesized using hypericin with wavelengths 1154 cm-1 (C-O stretch) and 626 cm-1 (C-Br stretch) are observed bonds with titanium.
Figure 1 FTIR spectra of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles A: hydroalcoholic extract Hypericum perforatum; B: hypericin; C: hydroalcoholic extract of Origanum vulgare; D: carvacrol. FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Based on the analysis of the spectra of hydroalcoholic extracts of synthesezied using Origanum vulgare is observed in wavelengths of 1225 cm-1 (C-O stretch) and 625 cm-1 (C-Br stretch) of titanium bond. It is also observed for Origanum vulgare NPs. at a wavelength of 3352 O-H stretch. TiO2 NPs. using carvacrol is observed in titanium at wavelengths of 1161 cm-1 (C-O stretch) and 627 cm-1 (C-Br stretch). It is also observed for TiO2 NPs. synthesized using carvacrol at a wavelength of 3927 cm-1 (O-H stretch). TiO2 NPs. synthesized using hydroalcoholic extract of Hypericum perforatum is also observed at a wavelength 1158 cm-1 (C-O stretch) and 628 cm-1 (C-Br stretch) are observed bond with titanium. TiO2 NPs. synthesized using hypericin with wavelengths 1154 cm-1 (C-O stretch) and 626 cm-1 (C-Br stretch) are observed bonds with titanium.
Figure 2 Scanning electron microscope images of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles A: Hypericum perforatum; B: hypericin; C: Origanum vulgare; D: carvacrol. The properties of NPs synthesized using atomic force microscope are presented in a three-dimensional visualization. The morphology of a rugged surface with the presence of both individual nanoparticles and agglomerates are described. Strong crystalline nature can be seen in diagonal figures containing mountains.
Figure 2 Scanning electron microscope images of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles A: Hypericum perforatum; B: hypericin; C: Origanum vulgare; D: carvacrol. The properties of NPs synthesized using atomic force microscope are presented in a three-dimensional visualization. The morphology of a rugged surface with the presence of both individual nanoparticles and agglomerates are described. Strong crystalline nature can be seen in diagonal figures containing mountains.
Figure 3 Atomic force microscopy images of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles A: Hypericum perforatum; B: hypericin; C: Origanum vulgare; D: carvacrol.
Figure 3 Atomic force microscopy images of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles A: Hypericum perforatum; B: hypericin; C: Origanum vulgare; D: carvacrol.
Figure 4 Dynamic light scattering analysis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized A: Hypericum perforatum; B: hypericin; C: Origanum vulgare; D: carvacrol.
Figure 4 Dynamic light scattering analysis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized A: Hypericum perforatum; B: hypericin; C: Origanum vulgare; D: carvacrol.
Figure 5 Zeta potential measurements of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles A: Hypericum perforatum; B: hypericin; C: Origanum vulgare; D: carvacrol.
Figure 5 Zeta potential measurements of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles A: Hypericum perforatum; B: hypericin; C: Origanum vulgare; D: carvacrol.
Table 1 Minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and zone inhibition diameter of the groups
| Group | Minimum inhibitory concentration (μg/mL) | Minimum bactericidal concentration (μg/mL) | Mean ± Standard deviation (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized using Origanum vulgare | 250 | 1000 ˃ | 8.00±0.70 |
| Titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized using Hypericum perforatum | 62.5 | 1000 ˃ | 7.33±0.40 |
| Titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized using carvacrol | 250 | 1000 ˃ | 8.00±0.00 |
| Titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized using hypericin | 250 | 1000 ˃ | 34.33±0.40 |
| Titanium dioxide nanoparticles | 500 | 1000 ˃ | 10.00±0.00 |
| Methicillin | 384 | 384 | 22.00±0.81 |
Table 1 Minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and zone inhibition diameter of the groups
| Group | Minimum inhibitory concentration (μg/mL) | Minimum bactericidal concentration (μg/mL) | Mean ± Standard deviation (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized using Origanum vulgare | 250 | 1000 ˃ | 8.00±0.70 |
| Titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized using Hypericum perforatum | 62.5 | 1000 ˃ | 7.33±0.40 |
| Titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized using carvacrol | 250 | 1000 ˃ | 8.00±0.00 |
| Titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized using hypericin | 250 | 1000 ˃ | 34.33±0.40 |
| Titanium dioxide nanoparticles | 500 | 1000 ˃ | 10.00±0.00 |
| Methicillin | 384 | 384 | 22.00±0.81 |
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